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首页> 外文会议>Environmental Permitting Symposium Vol.1 Feb 17-19, 1999, Research Triangle Park, NC >Avoiding the Pitfalls of Watershed-based Water Quality Permitting for Point Source Discharges
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Avoiding the Pitfalls of Watershed-based Water Quality Permitting for Point Source Discharges

机译：避免基于流域的水质许可点源排放的陷阱

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摘要

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has encouraged states to use the "watershed approach" to water quality permitting. Using this approach, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits are issued on a watershed-by-watershed basis, rather than one permit at a time. Currently, few states conduct water quality permitting on a watershed basis. Instead, evaluations for renewal and issuance of individual permits are conducted independently. This paper will present a case study for a discharger in Ohio, a state that uses watershed permitting, discussing some of the pitfalls to avoid when establishing watershed-based permits. There are a number of organizational and regulatory benefits to the watershed permitting approach. A watershed approach can facilitate development of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), which are required by the Clean Water Act. Also, the watershed approach can ease implementation of pollution controls across the watershed and facilitate public comment on permits. However, there are a number of technical pitfalls associated with applying traditional point source permitting approaches to a watershed. Traditional approaches use a single set of "critical" environmental and discharge conditions to calculate effluent limitations. The "safety factors" inherent in the calculations multiply when more than one discharge is evaluated. The resulting effluent limitations are usually much more stringent than needed to protect water quality, placing an unnecessary (and often expensive) burden on the dischargers. This paper describes the problems encountered by a discharger in eastern Ohio when traditional methods were used for watershed-based permitting. A probabilistic modeling evaluation demonstrated that the "critical" steady-state limits derived by the state regulatory agency were more stringent than necessary to protect water quality. Alternative permit limitations were developed that were fully protective of water quality, but were less stringent and more practical to achieve.
机译：美国环境保护署（EPA）鼓励各州对水质许可使用“分水岭方法”。使用这种方法，国家污染物排放消除系统（NPDES）许可证是在逐个流域的基础上颁发的，而不是一次颁发一个许可证。目前，很少有州在分水岭的基础上进行水质许可。取而代之的是，对许可证的续签和发放进行独立的评估。本文将针对俄亥俄州使用分水岭许可证的排放者进行案例研究，讨论在建立基于分水岭许可证时应避免的一些陷阱。分水岭许可方法有许多组织上和法规上的好处。分水岭方法可以促进制定《清洁水法》要求的总最大日负荷量（TMDL）。而且，分水岭方法可以简化整个分水岭的污染控制措施，并促进公众对许可证的评论。但是，与传统点源允许方法应用于分水岭相关的技术上存在许多陷阱。传统方法使用一组“关键”环境和排放条件来计算废水限制。当评估不止一次放电时，计算中固有的“安全系数”就会相乘。由此产生的废水排放限制通常比保护水质所需的严格得多，给排放者造成了不必要的负担（通常是昂贵的负担）。本文介绍了俄亥俄州东部的排放者在使用传统方法进行分水岭许可时遇到的问题。概率模型评估表明，国家监管机构得出的“关键”稳态限值比保护水质所需的严格程度更高。制定了替代性许可证限制，可以完全保护水质，但不那么严格，也更实用。

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