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首页> 外文会议>Environmental security assessment and management of obsolete pesticides in Southeast Europe >Pesticides Mechanisms of Action in Living Organisms
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Pesticides Mechanisms of Action in Living Organisms

机译：生物体内农药的作用机理

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Pollution is a phenomenon, which leads to ecological disequilibrium (alteration of biotic and abiotic) and may produce dangerous waste. Epidemiologi-cal studies, evaluate the relationship between the pollutants impacts over individual or collective risk and environmental factors. The rational use of pesticides in conjunction with other technologies may be justifiable in integrated pest management, the balance between benefits and effects being very complex. Pesticides are considered persistent pollutants, and may be classified according to chemical structure in the following main classes: organophosphates, carbamates, organochlorines, triazines, and pyrethroids. In this paper we present the mechanisms of action of the main pesticide classes in living organisms and especially in the human body. Organophos-phate pesticides act on acetylcholinesterase, leading to development of cholinergic toxicity, because they decrease its enzymatic activity. The carbamate or phosphate pesticides inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, disrupts the equilibrium between acetyl-choline synthesis and release on one hand and its hydrolysis on the other, and leads to its accumulation at synaptic level, with prolonged activation of cholinergic receptors. Organochlorine pesticides are highly lipophilic, and this property enhances their stability in living organisms and in the environment. They are largely stored in adipose tissue, a process called bioaccumulation, and this characteristic leads to the development of high toxicities in mammals. Triazines in high concentrations have been linked to increased cancer risk and incidence of birth defects. The pyrethroid insecticides acting on the sodium channels in the nerve membrane (neurotoxic), have high selectivity for insects, and do not have carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects. Living organisms and humans are concurrently exposed to pesticides from more than one source, via the environment and food, and these may have a combined (synergistic or antagonistic) action, which can cause higher or lower toxic effects, in comparison with the situation of a single pesticide.
机译：污染是一种现象，导致生态失衡（生物和非生物改变）并可能产生危险废物。流行病学研究评估了污染物对个人或集体风险的影响与环境因素之间的关系。在综合虫害管理中，合理使用农药与其他技术结合可能是合理的，其利与弊之间的平衡非常复杂。农药被认为是持久性污染物，可以根据化学结构分为以下主要类别：有机磷酸盐，氨基甲酸酯，有机氯，三嗪和拟除虫菊酯。在本文中，我们介绍了主要农药类别在活生物体特别是人体中的作用机理。磷酸有机农药对乙酰胆碱酯酶起作用，导致胆碱能毒性的发展，因为它们会降低其酶促活性。氨基甲酸酯或磷酸盐农药抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶，一方面破坏乙酰胆碱合成与释放之间的平衡，另一方面破坏其水解，并导致其在突触水平上的积累，并延长胆碱能受体的活化。有机氯农药高度亲脂，这种特性增强了它们在活生物体和环境中的稳定性。它们大量地存储在脂肪组织中，这一过程称为生物蓄积，这一特征导致哺乳动物产生高毒性。高浓度的三嗪与癌症风险增加和出生缺陷发生率有关。拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂作用于神经膜的钠通道上（神经毒性），对昆虫具有高选择性，并且不具有致癌，致突变和致畸作用。活着的生物和人类同时通过环境和食物从多种来源接触农药，这些农药可能具有联合（协同或拮抗）作用，与环境中的农药相比，可能产生更高或更低的毒性作用。单一农药。

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