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DISCOVERY AND RESEARCH OF COSMIC RAYS ON BALLOONS

机译：气球上的宇宙射线的发现和研究

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摘要

The first measurements of air ionization on balloons were made in 1901-1903 by the German meteorologist F. Linke, carrying an electroscope to a height of 5500 m and found an increasing of air ionization up to 4 times. This result at those times was so strong contradicted with the general accepting concepts (that the main source of air ionization is radioactivity of the soil), that F. Linke decided: obtained results are wrong and they are not published. The real discovery of cosmic rays (CR) became only later by the Austrian physicist Victor Hess during his famous flight at August 7, 1912. German physicist W. Kolhorster, achieved in 1913-1914 five flights on balloons and attained the maximal altitude 9,300 m. His results completely confirmed Hess's observation data. Many measurements of CR on balloons were made after 1920s by American scientists R. Millikan and G. Cameron, by many Soviet scientists and others. A lot of experiments for CR research were made later on long lived balloons, which are very important up to the present time.
机译：1901-1903年，德国气象学家F. Linke对气球上的空气电离进行了首次测量，他携带了一个电镜到5500 m的高度，发现空气电离增加了4倍。当时的结果与普遍接受的概念非常矛盾（空气电离的主要来源是土壤的放射性），以至F. Linke断定：获得的结果是错误的，因此没有发表。直到1912年8月7日，奥地利物理学家Victor Hess在著名的飞行中才真正发现了宇宙射线（CR）。德国物理学家W. Kolhorster在1913-1914年完成了5次气球飞行，最高海拔达到9,300 m 。他的结果完全证实了赫斯的观测数据。 1920年代后，美国科学家R. Millikan和G. Cameron以及许多苏联科学家和其他科学家对气球上的CR进行了许多测量。后来，人们在长寿命的气球上进行了许多用于CR研究的实验，这到目前为止是非常重要的。

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  • 会议地点 Thun(CH)
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    Lev Dorman;

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    Israel Cosmic Ray Space Weather Centre of Tel Aviv University, Golan Research Institute, and Israel Space Agency Katsrin 12900, POB 2217, ISRAEL,Cosmic Ray Department of N. V. Pushkov IZMIRAN, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Troitsk, RUSSIA;

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