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首页> 外文会议>The fate of nutrients and pesticides in the urban environment >Chapter 9 Sediment and Nutrient Losses from Prairie and Turfgrass Buffer Strips during Establishment
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Chapter 9 Sediment and Nutrient Losses from Prairie and Turfgrass Buffer Strips during Establishment

机译：第9章建立期间草原和草皮缓冲带的沉积物和养分流失

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摘要

The increase in impervious surface areas associated with urban development has created a more efficient water conveyance system leading to heightened surface water runoff flows and volumes. There is public concern about the continued degradation of bodies of water through increased sediment and nutrient loading, and the effects that urban vegetation may have on these receiving waters. We conducted a study focusing on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of surface water runoff from urban landscapes. Turfgrass and prairie landscapes were compared for their use as buffer strips in reducing nutrient- and sediment-rich runoff from urban areas. Three impervious to pervious surface ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:4) were studied to obtain information for improved design of urban landscapes to control runoff. Runoff events from natural precipitation were monitored continuously for 24 months following seeding of vegetated buffer strips downslope from pavement. All water samples were analyzed for phosphorus (P) as total phosphorus, bioavailable phosphorus, soluble phosphorus, organic soluble phosphorus, and for sediment concentration. The majority (>75%) of runoff, nutrient, and sediment loading occurred during frozen soil conditions. A 2:1 or 4:1 buffer:pavement ratio reduced runoff and nutrient loading only during nonfrozen soil conditions. Prairie vegetation had 46% and 119% more total runoff volume than turfgrass vegetation during the first two years of establishment, respectively (p = 0.08). Sediment losses from prairie were two to five times greater than from turf (p < 0.05) during non-frozen soil conditions, and decreased in both systems from year one to year two. Total phosphorus loads averaged 0.18 kg ha~(-1) and 0.08 kg ha~(-1) from native prairie, compared to 0.07 kg ha~(-1) and 0.02 kg ha~(-1) from turfgrass buffers during nonfrozen soil conditions during the first and second years of establishment, respectively (p < 0.05). Total annual P and sediment losses from prairie and turf were similar, however, because runoff during frozen soil conditions was significantly greater than runoff from nonfrozen soil. Although not an intended focus of the study, the high proportion of forbs (broadleaf prairie herbs) relative to prairie grasses in the commercial seed mixtures recommended for urban plantings may not truly represent prairies which existed prior to European colonization. Since only a small portion of runoff occurred from either of the vegetated surface types during the growing season, surface water quality in temperate regions may benefit best from urban stormwater management practices aimed at controlling runoff during the winter months.
机译：与城市发展相关的不透水地表面积的增加创造了更有效的输水系统，导致地表水径流量和体积增加。公众关注的是，由于沉积物和养分含量增加，水体持续退化，以及城市植被可能对这些接收水产生影响。我们进行了一项研究，重点研究了城市景观地表径流的定性和定量特征。对草皮和草原景观作为缓冲带进行了比较，以减少城市地区营养丰富和沉积物丰富的径流。研究了三种不透水与透水的表面比率（1：1、1：2、1：4），以获取有关改善城市景观设计以控制径流的信息。在植物性缓冲带从人行道下坡播种后，连续24个月对自然降水的径流事件进行了连续监测。分析了所有水样品中的磷（P），即总磷，可生物利用的磷，可溶性磷，有机可溶性磷以及沉积物的浓度。大部分（> 75％）径流，养分和沉积物负荷发生在冰冻的土壤条件下。 2：1或4：1的缓冲层：路面比率仅在非冻土条件下才减少径流和养分含量。在建立的头两年中，草原植被的总径流量分别比草坪草多46％和119％（p = 0.08）。在非冻结的土壤条件下，大草原的泥沙损失是草皮的损失的二到五倍（p <0.05），并且从第一年到第二年这两种系统的泥沙损失都减少了。在非冻土期间，天然草原的总磷负荷平均为0.18 kg ha〜（-1）和0.08 kg ha〜（-1），而草坪草缓冲液的平均磷负载为0.07 kg ha〜（-1）和0.02 kg ha〜（-1）。成立第一年和第二年的情况（p <0.05）。然而，由于冰冻土壤条件下的径流显着大于非冻土的径流，因此大草原和草皮的年总磷和沉积物损失相似。尽管不是本研究的重点，但推荐用于城市种植的商品种子混合物中的草（阔叶草原草药）相对于草原草的比例很高，可能无法真正代表欧洲殖民之前存在的草原。由于在生长季节中，只有两种植被类型的地表径流发生，因此温带地区地表水水质可能会受益于旨在控制冬季径流的城市雨水管理实践。

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  • 来源
  • 会议地点 Arlongton VA(US)
  • 作者

    K. Steinke; J. C. Stier; W. R. Kussow; A. Thompson;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas AM University, College Station, TX 77843;

    Departments of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI 53706;

    Departments of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI 53706;

    Departments of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI 53706;

  • 会议组织
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 营养学;
  • 关键词

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