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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Energy, Environment and Economics >Vegetative Buffer and Fly Ash Pad Surface Material System Application for Reducing Runoff, Sediment and Nutrient Losses from Livestock Manure Windrow Composting Facilities
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Vegetative Buffer and Fly Ash Pad Surface Material System Application for Reducing Runoff, Sediment and Nutrient Losses from Livestock Manure Windrow Composting Facilities

机译：营养缓冲液和粉煤灰垫表面材料系统在减少畜禽粪便堆肥设施的径流，沉积物和养分流失方面的应用

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摘要

Applying livestock manures to agricultural cropland continues to contribute significant levels of sediment and nutrient pollutants to streams and other water bodies. Vegetative buffers have been extensively demonstrated to reduce surface runoff flow, sediment, and nutrient losses. The coal-fired combustion by-product fly ash also has been shown to exhibit significant water-absorption and phosphorus-sorbing properties. This study investigated a vegetative buffer and fly ash pad surface material system for reducing runoff flow and water quality effects from a livestock manure windrow composting facility. Surface runoff, runoff percent of rainfall, total solids, nitrate-nitrogen, ortho-phosphorus, and total phosphorus were researched during 2002-2004 at a central Iowa dairy cow manure windrow composting research facility. Three compost windrow: vegetative buffer area ratios comprised the surface runoff treatments that included 1:1, 1:0.5, and 1:0 (no buffer control) area ratios, respectively. The 1:1 and 1:0.5 area ratios represented a 6.0 m-wide x 23 m-long fly ash composting pad area compared to vegetative buffer areas of equal and one-half size, respectively, with three replications of each treatment for a total of nine runoff plots in a randomized complete block design. Results from this study showed significantly high levels of runoff flow, sediment, and nutrients from the 1:0 control plots compared to the 1:1 and 1:0.5 vegetative buffer plots. The 1:1 and 1:0.5 vegetative buffer treatments were not significantly different and average runoff loss reductions from the 1:1 and 1:0.5 vegetative buffer plots were 98% and 93%, respectively, when compared to the 1:0 control plots. These findings underscore the efficacy of vegetative buffers in reducing surface runoff flow, sediment, and nutrient losses from a livestock manure windrow composting operation. Mass balance analysis results also indicated 41% and 26% of ortho-phosphorus were lost from the compost windrows during the 2004 early season and late season composting periods, respectively. However, only 0.1% and 0.4% of ortho-phosphorus were lost to runoff from the 1:0 control plots during the respective 2004 early season and late season composting periods. These results indicate the significantly lower ortho-phosphorus losses in runoff are attributed to the inherent chemical and physical phosphorus-sorption characteristics of the fly ash composting pad surface material. This vegetative buffer and fly ash pad surface material system application can significantly reduce surface runoff flow, sediment, and nutrient losses from a livestock manure windrow composting facility.
机译：将牲畜粪肥应用于农业耕地，继续在溪流和其他水体中贡献大量的沉积物和营养污染物。营养缓冲液已被广泛证明可减少地表径流，沉积物和养分流失。燃煤燃烧副产物粉煤灰还显示出显着的吸水和吸磷特性。这项研究研究了一种植物营养缓冲和粉煤灰垫表面材料系统，以减少来自畜禽粪便堆肥设施的径流和水质影响。在2002-2004年期间，在爱荷华州中部奶牛粪便堆肥研究设施中研究了地表径流，降雨径流百分比，总固体，硝酸盐氮，正磷和总磷。三个堆肥堆肥：营养缓冲面积比包括表面径流处理，分别包括1：1、1：0.5和1：0（无缓冲剂控制）面积比。 1：1和1：0.5的面积比分别代表了6.0 m宽x 23 m长的粉煤灰堆肥垫面积，而等量和一半尺寸的营养缓冲区面积分别为每种处理重复三次随机完整块设计中的九个径流图。这项研究的结果表明，与1：1和1：0.5营养缓冲地块相比，1：0对照地块的径流，沉积物和养分含量高得多。 1：1和1：0.5的营养缓冲液处理没有明显差异，与1：0的对照样地相比，1：1和1：0.5的营养缓冲样地的平均径流损失减少量分别为98％和93％ 。这些发现强调了营养缓冲液在减少畜禽粪便堆肥操作中的地表径流，沉积物和养分流失方面的功效。质量平衡分析结果还表明，在2004年初和后期堆肥期间，堆肥堆中分别损失了41％和26％的正磷。但是，在相应的2004年初和后期堆肥期间，从1：0控制区流失的磷只有0.1％和0.4％。这些结果表明，径流中的正磷损失明显较低，这归因于粉煤灰堆肥垫表面材料的固有化学和物理磷吸收特性。营养缓冲液和粉煤灰垫表面材料系统的应用可以显着减少来自畜禽粪便堆肥设施的地表径流，沉积物和养分流失。

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