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首页> 外文会议>Gamma Field Symposia no.40; Symposium on Mutation Breeding; History and New Development; 20010711-12; Ohmiya-machi, Naka-gun(JP) >SIGNIFICANCE AND EXPECTATIONS OF ION BEAM BREEDING
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SIGNIFICANCE AND EXPECTATIONS OF ION BEAM BREEDING

机译：离子束育种的意义和期望

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"Ion beam breeding" is one of mutation breeding using ion beams as a new mutagen instead of X-rays, γ-rays and neutrons that have been predominantly used for the radiation breeding. We prefer to use the term "ion beam breeding", which might make a modern impression, although the term "heavy particles" is generally applied for medicine. It was already known in 1950's that the ion beams, as its linear energy transfer (LET) increases, induce higher biological effects such as lethality, chromosomal aberration, etc. compared with X-rays and γ-rays of low LET radiation. In 1960's, fundamental studies on ion beam-induced mutation of plants were vigorously performed in USA. However, the use of ion beams was declined without any discovery of special features of ion beams. The late Dr.T.C. Yang still continued the ion beam study in 1970's. In 1980's basic studies were systematically carried out for the heavy particle therapy by using large accelerators that had mainly been utilized for nuclear physics. These studies allowed further understanding of ion beam-induced biological effects. Nevertheless ion beam application for the plant breeding was hardly progressed. The research program for the advanced radiation technology was planned in 1987 by JAERI taking a leading part, and Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application (TIARA) was completed in 1993 as a first facility in the world for the exclusive use for materials science and biotechnology. This led really basic research of the ion beam application for the plant breeding on the basis of collaboration between universities and national institutes. From these studies, the characteristic of ion beams as a new mutagen has been gradually elucidated, and novel mutants that could be never induced by other means have been isolated. It might be premature to say, but here I dare to address the characteristics of ion beam breeding and its expectation for the future.
机译：“离子束育种”是使用离子束作为新诱变剂代替主要用于辐射育种的X射线，γ射线和中子的突变育种之一。我们倾向于使用术语“离子束育种”，尽管可能会在医学上广泛使用“重颗粒”一词，但这可能会给人留下现代印象。在1950年代已经知道，与低LET辐射的X射线和γ射线相比，随着其线性能量转移（LET）的增加，离子束会引起更高的生物学效应，如致死性，染色体畸变等。在1960年代，在美国大力开展了有关离子束诱导的植物突变的基础研究。但是，在没有发现离子束的特殊特征的情况下，离子束的使用被拒绝了。已故的博士杨在1970年代仍继续进行离子束研究。在1980年代，通过使用主要用于核物理的大型加速器，系统地进行了重粒子疗法的基础研究。这些研究使人们进一步了解了离子束诱导的生物学效应。然而，离子束在植物育种中的应用几乎没有进展。先进辐射技术的研究计划是由JAERI于1987年计划的，而高崎高级辐射应用离子加速器（TIARA）于1993年建成，是世界上第一个专门用于材料科学和生物技术的设施。在大学和国家研究机构之间的合作基础上，这导致了离子束在植物育种中的应用的真正基础研究。从这些研究中，已经逐渐阐明了离子束作为一种新的诱变剂的特性，并且已经分离出了无法通过其他方式诱导的新型突变体。这可能还为时过早，但是在这里我敢于解决离子束育种的特点及其对未来的期望。

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