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首页> 外文期刊>Science of the total environment >Eggshell thinning of osprey (Pandion haliaetus) breeding in Sweden and its significance for egg breakage and breeding outcome
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Eggshell thinning of osprey (Pandion haliaetus) breeding in Sweden and its significance for egg breakage and breeding outcome

机译：瑞典鱼鹰（Pandion haliaetus）育种的蛋壳变薄及其对破蛋和育种结果的意义

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In the middle of the 1960s low reproductive rate was found in several osprey (Pandion haliaetus) nests in Sweden. Therefore a project was started to investigate the production and to collect unhatched eggs and shell fragments in different regions of Sweden during 1971-2008. Measurements of osprey eggs from museum collections from 1840 to 1970 were included to study long-term changes in shell thickness. In total, eggshell thickness of whole eggs from 666 clutches and of shell fragments from 693 nests was measured. The thinnest shell fragments were recorded in 1973 (mean for 71 clutches: 0.438 mm), minus 15.0% compared to thickness of unaffected eggs before 1946 (0.515 mm). After 1973, shell thickness increased to reach background levels in 2003 (0.515 mm). Thus, it took 30 years to reach full thickness again. From the start of the decrease it took more than 50 years to reach unaffected conditions. The number of whole eggs remaining intact in the nest throughout incubation was reduced when shell thickness decreased. Great loss of eggs due to breakage seems to occur when the mean shell thickness in the clutch was below 0.40 mm. In 1971-1973, when shell thinning was most pronounced, the average thickness of shell fragments was 0.366 mm in nests with 0 intact eggs (minus 29% compared to the pre-1946 background value); 0.393 mm (minus 24%) in nests with 1 intact egg; 0.431 mm (minus 16%) in nests with 2 intact eggs and 0.450 mm (minus 12%) in nests with 3 intact eggs. Differences in thickness were significant for 1 versus 2 intact eggs, 2 vs. 3 intact eggs and for 0 +1 vs. 2 + 3 intact eggs. Actual data from the period 1971-73 shows a decline in the production of young (4-5 weeks) of some 15% (0.25 young per nest).
机译：在1960年代中期，瑞典的几个鱼鹰巢（Pandion haliaetus）被发现繁殖率低下。因此，在1971-2008年期间开始了一个项目，以调查瑞典的不同地区的生产并收集未孵化的鸡蛋和贝壳碎片。包括从1840年到1970年的博物馆收藏中的鱼鹰蛋的测量值，以研究蛋壳厚度的长期变化。总共测量了来自666个离合器的全蛋和来自693个巢的壳碎片的蛋壳厚度。 1973年记录了最薄的贝壳碎片（71个离合器的平均值为0.438毫米），与1946年之前未受影响的卵的厚度（0.515毫米）相比，减去了15.0％。 1973年之后，外壳厚度增加到2003年达到背景水平（0.515毫米）。因此，花了30年才再次达到完全厚度。从下降开始，花了超过50年的时间才达到未受影响的条件。当蛋壳厚度减小时，整个孵化过程中保留在巢中的完整卵的数量会减少。当离合器中的平均壳体厚度低于0.40毫米时，似乎会由于破损而使鸡蛋大量损失。在1971-1973年，当壳变薄最明显时，巢中有0个完整卵的壳碎片平均厚度为0.366毫米（比1946年前的背景值低29％）；巢中有0.393毫米（负24％），带有1个完整的鸡蛋；巢中有2个完整卵的蛋为0.431毫米（负16％），巢中有3个完整卵的蛋为0.450毫米（负12％）。 1个鸡蛋对2个完整鸡蛋，2个鸡蛋对3个完整鸡蛋以及0 +1个鸡蛋对2 + 3个完整鸡蛋的厚度差异显着。 1971-73年期间的实际数据显示，幼仔（4-5周）的产量下降了约15％（每个巢仔0.25仔）。

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