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首页> 外文会议>Gamma Field Symposia no.40; Symposium on Mutation Breeding; History and New Development; 20010711-12; Ohmiya-machi, Naka-gun(JP) >FORTY YEARS OF MUTATION BREEDING IN JAPAN - RESEARCH AND FRUITS -
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FORTY YEARS OF MUTATION BREEDING IN JAPAN - RESEARCH AND FRUITS -

机译：日本的育种四十年-研究与成果-

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摘要

Since the discoveries by Mueller (1927) in Drosophila and by Stadler (1928) in corn and barley that mutation can occur artificially by X rays, attempts to use ionizing radiations for plant improvement, i.e. radiation breeding, have progressed in the world. The radiation source used for breeding in the early years was mainly X rays. After the 2nd World War, gamma ray sources such as ~(60)Co and ~(137)Cs came to take a leading role in radiation breeding. The pioneering work of induced mutation in Japan (Ichijima 1934, Imai 1935a, b) and several papers that followed in the 1930's to 1940's also considered the effect of X ray irradiation. In this period, a few studies looked at the mutation in rice after the atomic bomb explosion in Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Nishimura & Nakamura 1949, Nagamatsu 1965). The first gamma room in Japan was installed at the National Institute of Genetics in Mishima, Shizuoka prefecture in 1956, and several national and prefectual institutes soon followed suit. After installation of these gamma rooms, researches on the genetic effects of radiation and the effective methods of radiation breeding began.
机译：自从果蝇的Mueller（1927）和玉米和大麦的Stadler（1928）发现X射线可以人为产生突变以来，世界范围内都在尝试使用电离辐射来改善植物，即辐射育种。早期用于繁殖的辐射源主要是X射线。第二次世界大战后，〜（60）Co和〜（137）Cs等伽玛射线源在辐射育种中起主导作用。日本诱导突变的开创性工作（Ichijima 1934，Imai 1935a，b）以及1930年代至1940年代的几篇论文也都考虑了X射线辐射的影响。在此期间，一些研究着眼于广岛和长崎发生原子弹爆炸后的大米中的突变（Nishimura＆Nakamura 1949，Nagamatsu 1965）。 1956年，日本第一个伽玛室安装在静冈县三岛市的国立遗传研究所，不久之后，数个国立和县立研究所也纷纷效仿。在安装了这些伽玛室之后，就开始了辐射的遗传效应和辐射育种有效方法的研究。

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