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首页> 外文会议>Gamma Field Symposia no.41; Symposium on Overseas Trends in Crop Science and Mutation Breeding; 20020717-18; Ohmiya-machi, Naka-gun(JP) >RICE BREEDING IN THE TROPICAL ASIA - ONE OF THE ASPECTS -
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RICE BREEDING IN THE TROPICAL ASIA - ONE OF THE ASPECTS -

机译：热带亚洲的水稻育种-方面之一-

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摘要

IRRI and the national agricultural research systems (NARS) have developed the rice varieties, which possessed multiple resistances to many diseases and insects. Not only to tungro and blast, they introduced resistances to brown planthopper, grassy stunt, bacterial leaf blight etc. These varieties have been useful and effective to control the diseases and insects. However, in the resistance breeding, there were some problems mentioned in this paper. Mechanism or characteristics of the resistance (differences between virus resistance and vector resistance in tungro resistance, differences between complete resistance and partial resistance in blast resistance) were not well recognized. In tungro resistance breeding, over dependence on the vector resistance lead the repeated breakdowns of tungro resistance. Some RTSV-resistant varieties existed before tungro epidemic, but could not be used to control the disease unfortunately. Infection of RTSV could not be determined by the symptom, and therefore, RTSV resistance could not be recognized. The enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) enabled the screening of virus resistance. We had to wait the pathological studies on tungro (HIBINO et al. 1979) and virus purification (OMURA et al. 1983). In blast resistance breeding, the concept of complete resistance (true resistance) and partial resistance (field resistance) must be introduced. However, genetics of blast resistance in indica rice are so complicated that breeding lines have been evaluated their blast resistance simply by the scores at blast nurseries without any information of complete resistance. Now, at least, we have developed the differential system for important blast resistance genes in IRRI varieties. In future, other resistance genes will be accumulated in the IRRI varieties and genetic constitution will be more complicated, and therefore, new methodologies to identify blast resistance genes should be introduced. DNA markers will be one of the most powerful methods. In the NARS breeding programs, these concepts or methodologies will not be introduced easily, and therefore, the same mistakes will occur possibly. One of assistances to the NARS breeding should be focused to methodologies for selection of resistance. Collaborations with pathologists or entomologists are also important to understand mechanism and characteristics.
机译：IRRI和国家农业研究系统（NARS）开发了水稻品种，该水稻品种对多种疾病和昆虫具有多重抵抗力。它们不仅对冬虫夏草和稻瘟病具有抗性，还对褐飞虱，禾本科特技和细菌性叶枯病等产生了抗性。这些品种对防治病虫害是有效的。但是，在抗性育种中，存在一些问题。抗药性的机理或特征（抗病毒性和抗病性在抗真菌性中的差异，在抗药性中完全抗性和部分抗性之间的差异）尚未得到充分认识。在抗真菌性育种中，过度依赖于载体抗性导致抗性反复崩溃。在通哥大流行之前，已经存在一些抗RTSV的品种，但不幸的是不能用于控制该病。无法通过症状确定RTSV的感染，因此无法识别RTSV耐药性。酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）可以筛选病毒抗性。我们不得不等待有关通戈罗（HIBINO等，1979）和病毒纯化（OMURA等，1983）的病理研究。在抗药性育种中，必须引入完全抗性（真抗性）和部分抗性（田间抗性）的概念。然而，in稻抗稻瘟病的遗传学是如此复杂，以至于育种品系仅通过稻瘟病苗圃的分数来评估其稻瘟病抗性，而没有任何完全抗病的信息。至少现在，我们已经为IRRI品种中的重要抗稻瘟病基因开发了差异系统。将来，其他抗性基因将在IRRI品种中积累，遗传构成将更加复杂，因此，应引入新的鉴定稻瘟病抗性基因的方法。 DNA标记将是最强大的方法之一。在NARS育种计划中，这些概念或方法不会轻易引入，因此，可能会出现相同的错误。对NARS育种的帮助之一应集中于选择抗性的方法。与病理学家或昆虫学家的合作对于理解机制和特征也很重要。

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