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首页> 外文会议>Symposium on Overseas Trends in Crop Science and Mutation Breeding >RICE BREEDING IN THE TROPICAL ASIA - ONE OF THE ASPECTS -
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RICE BREEDING IN THE TROPICAL ASIA - ONE OF THE ASPECTS -

机译：热带亚洲的稻米育种 - 其中一个方面 -

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IRRI and the national agricultural research systems (NARS) have developed the rice varieties, which possessed multiple resistances to many diseases and insects. Not only to tungro and blast, they introduced resistances to brown planthopper, grassy stunt, bacterial leaf blight etc. These varieties have been useful and effective to control the diseases and insects. However, in the resistance breeding, there were some problems mentioned in this paper. Mechanism or characteristics of the resistance (differences between virus resistance and vector resistance in tungro resistance, differences between complete resistance and partial resistance in blast resistance) were not well recognized. In tungro resistance breeding, over dependence on the vector resistance lead the repeated breakdowns of tungro resistance. Some RTSV-resistant varieties existed before tungro epidemic, but could not be used to control the disease unfortunately. Infection of RTSV could not be determined by the symptom, and therefore, RTSV resistance could not be recognized. The enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) enabled the screening of virus resistance. We had to wait the pathological studies on tungro (HIBINO et al. 1979) and virus purification (OMURA et al. 1983). In blast resistance breeding, the concept of complete resistance (true resistance) and partial resistance (field resistance) must be introduced. However, genetics of blast resistance in indica rice are so complicated that breeding lines have been evaluated their blast resistance simply by the scores at blast nurseries without any information of complete resistance. Now, at least, we have developed the differential system for important blast resistance genes in IRRI varieties. In future, other resistance genes will be accumulated in the IRRI varieties and genetic constitution will be more complicated, and therefore, new methodologies to identify blast resistance genes should be introduced. DNA markers will be one of the most powerful methods. In the NARS breeding programs, these concepts or methodologies will not be introduced easily, and therefore, the same mistakes will occur possibly. One of assistances to the NARS breeding should be focused to methodologies for selection of resistance. Collaborations with pathologists or entomologists are also important to understand mechanism and characteristics.
机译：IRRI和国家农业研究系统（NARS）开发了大米品种，对许多疾病和昆虫具有多种抗性。不仅对Tungro和Blast，它们对褐色Planthopper，草酸特技，细菌叶枯等引入抗性这些品种对疾病和昆虫来说是有用的和有效的。然而，在抗性育种中，本文提到了一些问题。抗性的机制或特征（病毒抗性与血管抗性抗体抗性之间的差异，抗抗抗抗抗抗抗抗抗抗抗性之间的差异）。在抗血统抗性育种中，过度依赖载体抗性引起了抗血管抗性的重复分解。在Tungro流行之前存在一些RTSV抗性品种，但不幸的是，不能用来控制疾病。 RTSV的感染不能通过症状来确定，因此，无法识别RTSV抵抗力。酶联免疫吸附剂测定（ELISA）能够筛选病毒抗性。我们不得不等待Tungro的病理学研究（Hibino等，1979年）和病毒纯化（Omura等，1983）。在抗抗抗抗培养中，必须引入完全电阻（真正电阻）和部分电阻（场电阻）的概念。然而，在籼稻中的抗爆炸遗传学是如此复杂，即通过爆发苗圃的分数而没有任何完全抗性的信息来评估它们的抗衡性。现在，至少，我们已经开发了IRRI品种重要抗抗抗性基因的差异系统。将来，其他抗性基因将积累在Irri品种和遗传体系中，将更加复杂，因此，应引入鉴定抗抗抗抗抗抗抗抗性基因的新方法。 DNA标记将是最强大的方法之一。在NARS育种计划中，这些概念或方法不会轻易引入，因此，可能会发生同样的错误。 NAR育种的辅助之一应专注于选择抵抗的方法。具有病理学家或昆虫学家的合作对于理解机制和特征也很重要。

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