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首页> 外文会议>Gamma Field Symposia no.43; Symposium on Improvement of Crop Productivity and Mutation; 20040714-15; Ibaraki-ken(JP) >DETERMINATION OF THE YIELD POTENTIAL AND ASSOCIATED TRAITS IN RICE
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DETERMINATION OF THE YIELD POTENTIAL AND ASSOCIATED TRAITS IN RICE

机译：水稻潜在产量和相关性状的测定

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摘要

Production technologies of growing semi-dwarf crop genotypes under a high input of resources started in the mid 1960s during the Green Revolution, leading to significant worldwide increases in crop yields and grain production. However, since the mid-1980s when* the Green Revolution expansion was drawing to a close, increases in crop yields have been decreasing. In rice, the average annual rate of yield increase in 1990s sharply declined to 1.1% from that of 2.7% in the 1980s (Horie et al., 2004). Such a stagnation of the crop yield increase reflected the remarkable decline in the per capita grain production in the world from the mid-1980s (Mann, 1999). One of the causes for the stagnation of the crop yield was the slower rate of yield potential improvement under optimum management practices. In the tropics, the rice yield potential has not increased substantially in the past three decades since the Green Revolution began, and the gap between yield potential and farm yields has narrowed (Peng et al., 1999). Similar phenomena have also been reported for wheat and maize (Sinclair, 1999). Under the increasing demand for foods associated with the population expansion and economic development in the world, it is obviously necessary to break through the current plateaus of crop yield potentials. Recognizing this, intensive work has been done to create new high-yielding crop genotypes, including rice breeding work on new plant types (NPTs; Khush and Peng, 1996) and F1 hybrids (Yuan, 2001). Hybrids have shown a mean yield advantage of about 15% over the best inbred cultivars in China (Yuan, 1994) and 9% over those at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), but NPTs did not show appreciable yield advantages 6ver the existing elite cultivars (Khush and Peng, 1996; Horie, 2001). These results indicate that a greater effort has to be made to break the barriers to increase the potential of crop yields. To surpass the current yield potential of crops, physiological traits as well as the traditional plant-type concept (Tsunoda, 1959; Yuan, 2001) should be incorporated in breeding programs with the aid of molecular markers. For this, it is important to identify the yield-limiting processes and associated traits and to quantify their genetic variability. The Laboratory of Crop Science at Kyoto University has conducted field experiments on rice genotypes at different locations in Asia and modeling work to identify yield-limiting processes and associated physiological traits. This paper first reviews the plant factors that contributed to the past increase in rice yield potential and then describes the results of our field experimental and modeling analyses to identify limiting processes for the determination of rice yield potential and associated traits.
机译：1960年代中期，在绿色革命期间，在资源大量投入的情况下，生长了半矮秆作物基因型的生产技术开始了，从而导致世界范围内作物产量和谷物产量的显着提高。但是，自1980年代中期*绿色革命的扩张接近尾声以来，农作物的单产一直在下降。在稻米中，从1980年代的2.7％增长到1990年代的平均年增长率从1.1％急剧下降（Horie等，2004）。作物单产的这种停滞反映了自1980年代中期以来世界人均谷物产量的显着下降（Mann，1999）。作物单产停滞的原因之一是在最佳管理方式下单产潜力提高的速度较慢。在热带地区，自绿色革命开始以来的过去三十年中，稻米的产量潜力并未显着增加，而且产量潜力与农业产量之间的差距有所缩小（Peng等，1999）。小麦和玉米也有类似现象的报道（Sinclair，1999）。在与世界人口增长和经济发展有关的食品需求增长的情况下，显然有必要突破目前的作物单产潜力高原。认识到这一点，已经进行了大量的工作来创建新的高产农作物基因型，包括在新植物类型（NPT； Khush和Peng，1996）和F1杂种（Yuan，2001）上进行水稻育种工作。杂交种的平均产量优势比中国最好的近交栽培品种（Yuan，1994）高出约15％，比国际水稻研究所（IRRI）的平均优势高出9％，但是NPTs在现有的优良品种中没有显示出明显的产量优势。品种（Khush and Peng，1996; Horie，2001）。这些结果表明，必须作出更大的努力来打破障碍，以增加农作物产量的潜力。为了超越目前的农作物产量潜力，应利用分子标记将生理性状和传统的植物类型概念（Tsunoda，1959； Yuan，2001）纳入育种计划。为此，重要的是确定产量限制过程和相关性状，并量化其遗传变异性。京都大学作物科学实验室已经在亚洲不同地区对水稻基因型进行了田间试验，并进行了建模工作，以鉴定限制产量的过程和相关的生理性状。本文首先回顾了过去导致水稻增产潜力增加的植物因素，然后描述了我们的田间试验和模型分析的结果，以确定确定水稻增产潜力和相关性状的限制性过程。

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