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首页> 外文会议>Symposium on Improvement of Crop Productivity and Mutation >DETERMINATION OF THE YIELD POTENTIAL AND ASSOCIATED TRAITS IN RICE
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DETERMINATION OF THE YIELD POTENTIAL AND ASSOCIATED TRAITS IN RICE

机译：测定水稻中产量潜力和相关性状

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Production technologies of growing semi-dwarf crop genotypes under a high input of resources started in the mid 1960s during the Green Revolution, leading to significant worldwide increases in crop yields and grain production. However, since the mid-1980s when* the Green Revolution expansion was drawing to a close, increases in crop yields have been decreasing. In rice, the average annual rate of yield increase in 1990s sharply declined to 1.1% from that of 2.7% in the 1980s (Horie et al., 2004). Such a stagnation of the crop yield increase reflected the remarkable decline in the per capita grain production in the world from the mid-1980s (Mann, 1999). One of the causes for the stagnation of the crop yield was the slower rate of yield potential improvement under optimum management practices. In the tropics, the rice yield potential has not increased substantially in the past three decades since the Green Revolution began, and the gap between yield potential and farm yields has narrowed (Peng et al., 1999). Similar phenomena have also been reported for wheat and maize (Sinclair, 1999). Under the increasing demand for foods associated with the population expansion and economic development in the world, it is obviously necessary to break through the current plateaus of crop yield potentials. Recognizing this, intensive work has been done to create new high-yielding crop genotypes, including rice breeding work on new plant types (NPTs; Khush and Peng, 1996) and F1 hybrids (Yuan, 2001). Hybrids have shown a mean yield advantage of about 15% over the best inbred cultivars in China (Yuan, 1994) and 9% over those at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), but NPTs did not show appreciable yield advantages 6ver the existing elite cultivars (Khush and Peng, 1996; Horie, 2001). These results indicate that a greater effort has to be made to break the barriers to increase the potential of crop yields. To surpass the current yield potential of crops, physiological traits as well as the traditional plant-type concept (Tsunoda, 1959; Yuan, 2001) should be incorporated in breeding programs with the aid of molecular markers. For this, it is important to identify the yield-limiting processes and associated traits and to quantify their genetic variability. The Laboratory of Crop Science at Kyoto University has conducted field experiments on rice genotypes at different locations in Asia and modeling work to identify yield-limiting processes and associated physiological traits. This paper first reviews the plant factors that contributed to the past increase in rice yield potential and then describes the results of our field experimental and modeling analyses to identify limiting processes for the determination of rice yield potential and associated traits.
机译：在20世纪60年代中期，在绿色革命期间，在20世纪60年代中期，在高度投入下生长半矮小作物基因型的生产技术，导致农作物产量和粮食生产的重要全球。然而，自20世纪80年代中期何时*绿色革命膨胀被绘制到紧密时，作物产量的增加一直在降低。在大米中，20世纪80年代的20世纪90年代的产量增长的平均产量增长率下降1.1％（Horie等，2004）。这种恶作剧的作物产量增加反映了20世纪80年代中期（Mann，1999）的世界人均谷物生产的显着下降。作物产量停滞的原因之一是在最佳管理实践中的产量潜力改善速度较慢。在热带地区，由于绿色革命开始，在过去的三十年里，水稻产量潜力并未大幅增加，因为绿色革命开始，产量潜力和农业收益率之间的差距缩小（Peng等，1999）。据报道，小麦和玉米（Sinclair，1999）也据报道了类似的现象。根据与世界上人口扩张和经济发展相关的食物的日益增长的需求，显然需要突破当前的作物产量潜力的平原。认识到这一点，已经完成了密集的工作来创造新的高产作物基因型，包括新植物类型的水稻育种工作（NPTS; Khush和Peng，1996）和F1杂交种（元，2001）。杂交种已经显示出在中国最佳近亲品种（元，1994年）和国际大米研究所（IRRI）的最佳血统品种和9％的平均产量优势，但NPTS并未显示出现有精英的可观产量优势6比弗品种（Khush和Peng，1996; Horie，2001）。这些结果表明，必须采取更大的努力来打破障碍以增加作物产量的潜力。为了超越作物的当前产量潜力，生理特性以及传统的植物型概念（Tsunoda，1959; Yuan，2001）应借助分子标记纳入育种计划。为此，重要的是识别产量限制过程和相关性状，并量化其遗传变异性。京都大学作物科学实验室对亚洲不同地点的水稻基因型进行了现场实验，并建模工作，以确定产量限制过程和相关的生理性状。本文首先综述了导致水稻产量潜力的过去增加的植物因素，然后描述了我们的现场实验和建模分析的结果，以确定测定水稻产量潜力和相关性状的限制过程。

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