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首页> 外文会议>Geotechnical synergy in Buenos Aires 2015 >TBM Performance, Prognosis and Risk Caused by Faulting
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TBM Performance, Prognosis and Risk Caused by Faulting

机译：故障导致的TBM性能，预后和风险

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World records for drill-and-blast tunnelling from Norwegian contractors, bear witness to numerous weeks of more than 100m, and an exceptional 5.8 km in 54 weeks, also from one face. Earlier hard-rock world records using high-powered TBM in Norway, but most frequently and more recently, the records with Robbins TBM through non-abrasive limestones in the USA, provide numbers in meters per day, per week, and per month, which are of course, even more remarkable. Unfortunately there are contrary and undesirable TBM records, which are occasionally recurring events so not records, which see TBM stopped for months or even years in fault zones, or permanently buried in mountains. The many orders of magnitude range of performance suggest the need for better investigations, better choice of TBM, and better facilities for improving the ground ahead of TBM, when probe-drilling indicates that this is essential. Control of water, and improved stand-up behaviour in significant weakness zones and faults may demand drainage, which can be unending, and pre-injection. Fortunately there are increasing signs that this is recognized by TBM manufacturers: more guide-holes for drilling pre-injection umbrellas are seen through front-shields nowadays. A little acknowledged fact is that when all hours are included, TBM will generally decelerate as tunnel length and time increases. This is usually seen after improved performance during the learning curve. Deceleration is also a general trend during world-record setting performances. This means that utilization U is equal to the ratio of actual advance rate and penetration rate, AR/PR, only for specified time intervals, because U is time- dependent. This is rarely quantified by designers, and is therefore a source of risk, by default. Another important item for correct prognosis is the recognition that reduced penetration rate PR can sometimes occur when thrust is increased by the TBM operator, due to exceptionally resistant rock mass formations. Each of the above, and PR sensitivity to a wide range of cutter forces, UCS and abrasiveness, are provided in the empirical Qtbm method. This method explains variable progress in jointed rock, which is sometimes fast, and also quantifies the likely delays in untreated, or pre-injected, fault zones.
机译：来自挪威承包商的钻爆隧道世界纪录，见证了超过100m的无数个星期，以及54个星期内从一个面也达到了5.8 km的超长距离。挪威在早期使用大功率TBM进行硬石世界记录，但最近和最近一次，在美国，Robbins TBM通过非磨蚀性石灰岩记录提供了每天，每周和每月的米数。当然，甚至更加出色。不幸的是，存在相反的不良TBM记录，偶尔是重复发生的事件，而没有记录，TBM在断层带停了数月甚至数年，或者永久地埋在了山上。当探测钻探表明这是必不可少的时，许多性能范围的数量级表明需要更好的调查，更好的TBM选择和更好的设施来改善TBM之前的地面。控制水量以及在明显的薄弱区域和断层中改善竖立行为可能需要排水（可能无止境）和预先注入。幸运的是，越来越多的迹象表明，TBM制造商已经意识到了这一点：如今，通过前罩可以看到更多的用于钻预注射伞的导向孔。一个公认的事实是，当包括所有小时数时，TBM通常会随着隧道长度和时间的增加而减速。这通常是在学习曲线期间提高性能之后看到的。在创造世界纪录的过程中，减速也是大趋势。这意味着利用率U仅在指定的时间间隔内等于实际推进率与渗透率之比AR / PR，因为U与时间有关。设计者很少对此进行量化，因此默认情况下是一种风险来源。正确预后的另一个重要项目是认识到，由于异常坚硬的岩层，TBM作业者增加推力时，有时会出现渗透率PR降低的情况。经验Qtbm方法提供了以上每种功能，以及PR对各种切削力，UCS和磨蚀性的敏感性。这种方法解释了节理岩石的变化过程，该过程有时很快，并且还可以量化未处理或预注入断层带中可能出现的延迟。

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