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Formative Analysis of Aging in Place: Implications for the Design of Caregiver Robots

机译:就地老化的形成性分析:对护理机器人的设计的启示

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Many have conceptualized caregiver robots as consumerproducts and studied elders’ perceived needs for andpreferences about such products. For reviews, please see(Broadbent, Stafford, & MacDonald, 2009; Jones &Schmidlin, 2011). That approach, though, could create robotsthat cannot satisfy elders’ actual caregiving needs.Alternatively, one can conceptualize caregiver robots asworkers in complex socio-technical systems. To do so, onewould need a detailed account of the caregiving that takesplace in elders’ homes. Unfortunately, as noted in a NationalResearch Council (2011) report, such a detailed account ofcaregiving does not exist.Accordingly, we sought to develop such an account. Thereare many ways to analyze work (for a discussion of generalapproaches, see Vicente, 1999). They can be categorized into3 general types: normative, descriptive, and formativeapproaches (Vicente, 1999). We adopted a formative approachbecause formative approaches are tailored to the analysis ofcomplex socio-technical systems (Vicente, 1999). Theycapture work requirements without specifying how that workmust be done or who must do it. For example, the constraint“must not lose track of time” captures a work requirement butallows the associated work to be accomplished in a number ofdifferent ways (e.g., by checking a clock, setting an alarm) andby a number of different entities (e.g., family member,caregiver robot).
机译:许多人已经将照顾者机器人概念化为消费产品,并研究了老年人对此类产品的需求和偏好。有关评论,请参阅(Broadbent,Stafford和MacDonald,2009; Jones&Schmidlin,2011)。不过,这种方法可能会创造出无法满足老年人实际护理需求的机器人。或者,人们可以将护理机器人的概念化为复杂的社会技术系统中的工人。为此,人们需要详细了解老年人家中的照料。不幸的是,正如美国国家研究委员会(NationalResearch Council,2011)的报告中指出的那样,尚无如此详尽的照料说明,因此,我们试图开发此类说明。有很多方法可以分析工作(有关一般方法的讨论,请参见Vicente,1999)。可以将它们分为3种通用类型:规范方法,描述方法和形成性方法(Vicente,1999年)。我们采用了一种形成性方法,因为形成性方法是为分析复杂的社会技术系统而量身定制的(Vicente,1999)。他们捕获工作要求而未指定必须完成的工作或必须由谁完成。例如,约束条件“绝不能失去时间”捕获了一项工作要求,但允许以多种不同的方式(例如,通过检查时钟,设置闹钟)以及通过许多不同的实体(例如,家庭成员,照顾者机器人)。

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