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DEVELOPMENTS IN FIXED AND FLOATING OFFSHORE CONCRETE STRUCTURES

机译：固定式和浮动式海上混凝土结构的发展

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In the offshore industry there are two possible materials for the construction of the hull of a structure: the steel and concrete, with the first one widely used until now, as in the rest of the shipbuilding industry of merchant ships, warships, etc. The extra displacement and associated fuel costs in concrete ships have been found prohibitive in the past. But in the offshore industry, the loss of mobility of a concrete hull in relation to a steel hull can be perfectly offset by the advantages offered by the concrete in terms of maintenance and resistance to fatigue because requirements in shipping and offshore industries are quite different: ships can easily be dry-docked for maintenance and repair, while in the offshore platforms these works have to be done in situ, so maintenance and fatigue are crucial to them. Concrete Gravity Base platforms have been built since 1976, together with a few floating platforms, that in its geometry are similar to those made of steel (barges, semi-submersibles and TLP type platforms). Some of the concepts in concrete platforms that are emerging in the last years are floating and gravity base platforms for use as offshore LNG terminals and as offshore industrial plants. The life of these barges can be designed up to 200 years, so they can be a good alternative to the construction of these facilities on land. The challenge of these offshore facilities is to optimize their capital costs to compete precisely against shore facilities.
机译：在海上工业中，有两种可能的材料用于建造结构的船体：钢和混凝土，第一种至今已广泛使用，在其余的商船，军舰等造船工业中也是如此。过去发现混凝土船的额外排水量和相关燃料成本高昂。但是在海上工业中，由于混凝土在维护和抗疲劳方面的优势，混凝土船体相对于钢船体的活动性损失可以完全抵消，因为运输和海上工业的要求大不相同：船舶可以很容易地通过干坞进行维护和修理，而在海上平台上这些工作必须在原地进行，因此维护和疲劳对其至关重要。自1976年以来，已建造了混凝土重力基座平台以及一些浮动平台，其几何形状类似于钢制的平台（驳船，半潜式和TLP型平台）。近年来出现的混凝土平台中的一些概念是用作海上LNG接收站和海上工业工厂的浮动和重力基础平台。这些驳船的使用寿命可长达200年，因此可以作为在陆地上建造这些设施的不错选择。这些离岸设施的挑战是优化其资本成本，以与海岸设施进行精确竞争。

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