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Impact of GPS Time Spoofing Attacks on Cyber Physical Systems

机译：GPS时间欺骗攻击对网络物理系统的影响

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The development of software defined radio platforms and related open source software have made it possible to generate and broadcast global positioning system (GPS) signals easily and at low cost. Since GPS time is widely used in time sensitive systems for time reference, any attack on GPS can have serious consequences. This paper evaluates GPS time spoofing attacks in cyber physical systems. We explore methods to spoof the GPS time by manipulating the GPS timestamp or the signal propagation time of GPS satellite signals. In our experiments, the impact of GPS time spoofing attacks on the pseudorange, receiver location, and time errors is investigated. Our results show that when only the GPS timestamp is changed or the same delay is introduced to all signals, the resulting location error and pseudorange error can be very small, making it difficult to detect. In particular, the attacks achieved by inserting the same delay have constant location error and negligible pseudorange error. Conversely, the attacks that insert different delay to each signal or change the GPS timestamp at the same time usually lead to large location error and pseudorange error that are easy for attack detection. Moreover, the attacks that change the propagation time are difficult to distinguish irrespective of whether it can cause enough damage to violate the IEEE C37.118 standard or not.
机译：软件定义的无线电平台和相关的开源软件的开发使得可以轻松，低成本地生成和广播全球定位系统（GPS）信号成为可能。由于GPS时间已广泛用于对时间敏感的系统中作为时间参考，因此任何对GPS的攻击都可能造成严重后果。本文评估了网络物理系统中的GPS时间欺骗攻击。我们探索通过操纵GPS时间戳或GPS卫星信号的信号传播时间来欺骗GPS时间的方法。在我们的实验中，研究了GPS时间欺骗攻击对伪距，接收器位置和时间误差的影响。我们的结果表明，当仅更改GPS时间戳或对所有信号引入相同的延迟时，所产生的位置误差和伪距误差可能非常小，难以检测。特别地，通过插入相同的延迟实现的攻击具有恒定的位置误差和可忽略的伪距误差。相反，对每个信号插入不同延迟或同时更改GPS时间戳的攻击通常会导致较大的位置误差和伪距误差，易于检测攻击。此外，很难改变改变传播时间的攻击，无论它是否会造成足以破坏IEEE C37.118标准的损害。

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