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首页> 外文会议>Innovations in industrial and engineering chemistry : A century of achievements and prospects for the new millennium >Chapter 5 The History of Petroleum Cracking in the 2G~(th) Century
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Chapter 5 The History of Petroleum Cracking in the 2G~(th) Century

机译：第五章2G〜（世纪）石油裂解的历史

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An overview of the development of thermal and catalytic cracking for petroleum refining is presented. The introduction of research departments in a petroleum company led to the development of the Burton Process for thermal cracking to enhance the yield of transportation fuels demand caused by the rapid increase in the number of autos on the highways. As other companies developed processes to compete with the Burton Process, competition led to a number of legal actions that are briefly detailed. As these court actions were reaching a climax, the introduction of catalytic cracking by Eugene Houdry reduced the need for thermal cracking processes. Houdry's efforts required outstanding advances in process control, process engineering and catalysis. The discovery that the transport of finely divided solids by a gas resembled fluid flow allowed Standard Oil (New Jersey) to develop the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process. The entry of the U.S. into W.W.II and the urgent need for high octane aviation fuel permitted the development of FCC at an astoundingly rapid rate where, supported by government guarantees, a commercial sized reactor could quickly become the pilot plant for the development of ever larger and improved plants. The need for catalysts with higher activity led to the replacement of natural clays by high surface area amorphous silica alumina catalysts during the 1930-1940s. These catalysts were in turnrnreplaced in the 1960s by the synthetic and natural zeolite catalysts. The revolutionary advances during the century -thermal cracking, fixed-bed catalytic cracking, fluid-bed catalytic cracking, synthetic silica-alumina catalysts and synthetic zeolite catalysts - were superimposed on a background of many evolutionary advances.
机译：概述了用于石油精炼的热裂化和催化裂化的发展。一家石油公司的研究部门的引入导致了用于热裂解的伯顿工艺的发展，以提高高速公路上汽车数量的快速增长所带来的运输燃料需求量。当其他公司开发与Burton程序竞争的流程时，竞争导致了许多法律行为的简要介绍。随着法院诉讼的高潮，尤金·霍德里（Eugene Houdry）引入催化裂化技术减少了对热裂化工艺的需求。 Houdry的努力要求在过程控制，过程工程和催化方面取得显着进步。气体类似于流体流的细小固体运输的发现，使标准石油公司（新泽西州）发展了流体催化裂化（FCC）工艺。美国进入第二次世界大战以及对高辛烷值航空燃料的迫切需求使得FCC的发展速度惊人地迅速，在政府的支持下，商业规模的反应堆可以迅速成为发展更大规模的试验工厂和改良的植物。对具有较高活性的催化剂的需求导致在1930-1940年代用高表面积的无定形二氧化硅氧化铝催化剂代替了天然粘土。这些催化剂在1960年代被合成和天然沸石催化剂依次取代。本世纪革命性的进展-热裂化，固定床催化裂化，流化床催化裂化，合成二氧化硅-氧化铝催化剂和合成沸石催化剂-被叠加在许多发展进步的背景下。

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