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首页> 外文会议>International conference on processing manufacturing of advanced materials;THERMEC 2009 >Advanced Bainitic and Martensitic Steels with Carbide-Free Microstructures Containing Retained Austenite
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Advanced Bainitic and Martensitic Steels with Carbide-Free Microstructures Containing Retained Austenite

机译：含残余奥氏体的无碳化物微结构的高级贝氏体和马氏体钢

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Recent decades have witnessed some remarkable advances in engineering steels driven by the need to respond to challenges posed, for example, by recovery and transmission of oil and gas, or enhanced vehicle safety and fuel economy. Foremost amongst these must surely be the extended application of carbon steels, achieved principally through ferrite grain refinement by the practice of microalloying coupled with controlled thermomechanical processing. Limitations to strengthening ferrite/pearlite structures further by grain refinement or precipitation, however, has focused attention back to acicular forms of microstructure. One of the most interesting advances in this area has been the development of bainitic steels, which have been almost dormant since the mid-20th century. This resurgence may partly be attributed to a better appreciation of the bainite transformation mechanism, and the experimental work for this which unexpectedly spawned some interesting bainitic microstructures which have seen further development and application. These are the so-called 'carbide-free' bainites, which employ alloying to replace carbides, principally cementite, with carbon-stabilized retained austenite. Particularly noteworthy has been the emergence of the transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) sheet steels with enhanced properties principally targeted for automotive use. It is worth mentioning also that a parallel development has produced similar microstructure in austempered ductile irons (ADI), another important ferrous alloy which has seen recent expanding interest in its application. Even more recently, as we proceed into the 21st century, the concept of employing steel microstructures containing carbon-enriched retained austenite, has been developed further by combining both alloying and novel heat treatment procedures to exchange 'bainitic' ferrite with 'martensitic' ferrite. Interestingly, this non-equilibrium 'quenching and partitioning' process route also offers the possibility to increase the retained austenite carbon concentration to very high levels, potentially revealing new and previously unobtainable properties.
机译：近几十年来，工程钢取得了显着进步，这是由于需要应对挑战，例如石油和天然气的回收和传输，或提高的车辆安全性和燃油经济性。其中最重要的肯定是碳钢的扩展应用，这主要是通过微合金化与受控的热机械加工相结合来实现铁素体晶粒细化。然而，通过晶粒细化或沉淀来进一步增强铁素体/珠光体结构的局限性将注意力集中在针状组织上。贝氏体钢的发展是该领域最有趣的进展之一，自20世纪中叶以来，贝氏体钢几乎一直处于休眠状态。这种回潮可能部分归因于对贝氏体转变机理的更好理解，为此的实验工作出乎意料地催生了一些有趣的贝氏体微观结构，并已得到进一步的开发和应用。这些是所谓的“无碳化物”贝氏体，它采用合金化方法以碳稳定的残余奥氏体代替碳化物，主要是渗碳体。尤其值得注意的是，具有主要用于汽车用途的增强性能的相变诱发塑性（TRIP）钢板的出现。还值得一提的是，平行开发已在奥氏体球墨铸铁（ADI）中产生了类似的组织，奥氏体球墨铸铁是另一种重要的黑色金属合金，最近对其应用越来越感兴趣。直到最近，随着我们进入21世纪，通过结合合金化和新颖的热处理程序以将“贝氏体”铁素体与“马氏体”铁素体交换，使用含碳富集的残余奥氏体的钢微结构的概念得到了进一步发展。有趣的是，这种非平衡的“淬灭和分配”工艺路线还提供了将残余奥氏体碳浓度提高到很高水平的可能性，从而有可能揭示出新的和以前无法获得的性能。

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