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Space weather application of forbush decrease events

机译：太空气象应用减少前兆事件

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Forbush decrease (FD) is sudden decrease in the counting rates of neutron monitors, caused by fast Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) mostly associated with intense X-ray solar flares. The geomagnetic storm is known to occur simultaneously with large Forbush decrease events. Both phenomena have common origin; therefore, study of FD can be used to anticipate an impending storm. We have analyzed 61 FD events of magnitude >= 3.5%, registered by Moscow Neutron Monitoring Station, occurred during the 23rd solar cycle. Temporal evolution of individual FD event is studied along with the variation in interplanetary magnetic field intensity, solar wind velocity and geomagnetic activity indices - Dst index. It is found that besides the known enhanced disturbances in the magnetic field of the Earth, the FDs in majority of events are accompanied by abrupt increase in the solar wind velocity. Though the correlation coefficient between the magnitude of FD and Dst index is 0.3, but 91% of FD events (55 out of 61) are associated with geomagnetic storms. The onset time of FD is found to be few hours earlier than that of the storm; this fact can be used to forecast a geomagnetic storm which is the known space weather application of FD events.
机译：前冲量减少（FD）是中子监测器计数率的突然下降，这是由快速的日冕质量抛射（CME）引起的，主要与强烈的X射线太阳耀斑有关。已知地磁风暴与大的Forbush减少事件同时发生。两种现象都有共同的起源。因此，对FD的研究可用于预测即将来临的风暴。我们分析了莫斯科中子监测站记录的第23个太阳周期发生的61个FD> 3.5％的FD事件。研究了单个FD事件的时间演变以及行星际磁场强度，太阳风速和地磁活动指数-Dst指数的变化。已经发现，除了已知的对地球磁场的增强干扰之外，在大多数情况下，FD都伴随着太阳风速的突然增加。尽管FD大小与Dst指数之间的相关系数为0.3，但FD事件中有91％（61个中的55个）与地磁风暴有关。发现FD的发作时间比风暴的发作时间早几个小时。这一事实可用于预测地磁风暴，这是FD事件的已知空间天气应用。

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