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首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Bringing Back the Forests: Policies and Practices for Degraded Lands and Forests; 20021007-20021010; Kuala Lumpur; MY >Policies and practices for the rehabilitation of degraded lands and forests in leasehold forestry, Nepal
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Policies and practices for the rehabilitation of degraded lands and forests in leasehold forestry, Nepal

机译：尼泊尔租赁林恢复退化土地和森林的政策和做法

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摘要

This paper aims primarily to share experiences gained in Nepal in the rehabilitation of degraded forest lands and forests and its impacts on the local communities. The government policy is to lease out patches of degraded forest lands to small groups of poor families ensuring long-term land tenure for a maximum of 40 years, with extension for another term. From 1993 to 2001, a total of 7 000 ha degraded forest lands has been leased out to 1 655 groups covering 11 255 poor families. Moreover, leasees are given minimum inputs, forage seeds and planting materials, with training and simple technology. The processes of rehabilitation of degraded lands, with total participation of poor families are: protection from grazing and fire, invigoration of natural regeneration of desired species and their proper management, promotion of hedgerows along contours, and planting of perennials and preferably leguminous forage species, fruit trees and multipurpose tree species. The government policy is that all the benefits from the leasehold forests can go directly to the leasehold families by a group decision or sale of surplus products without sharing with government agencies. An assessment showed that vegetation that covered only 32% of degraded land in a newly handed-over area steadily increased to 50% in the 2-year-old group, 68% in the 4-5-year-old group and 78% in the 6-7-year-old group. Likewise, the most significant measurable difference in the vegetation between 1994/95 and 2000 is the tremendous increase in species diversity. Leasees directly benefited from huge amounts of fodder, fuelwood and other non-timber forest products from these forests in reduced collection times, especially by women who are the main workers in the hills. With the increased production of forage, poor families have now increased the number of goats and milking buffaloes that give them a good source of income. Despite many challenges, this leasehold policy is successful and the government has converted it from project to programme, implemented in 30 districts.
机译：本文的主要目的是分享尼泊尔在退化林地和森林的恢复方面的经验及其对当地社区的影响。政府的政策是将退化的林地租给少数贫困家庭，以确保最长的土地使用年限为40年，并延长任期。从1993年到2001年，总共有7000公顷的退化林地租给了1655个群体，覆盖11255个贫困家庭。此外，在培训和简单技术的基础上，向租户提供了最少的投入，饲料种子和种植材料。在贫困家庭的全面参与下，退化土地的恢复过程包括：免受放牧和火灾，保护所需物种的自然再生及其适当管理的活力，沿等高线生长的树篱以及多年生植物（最好是豆科牧草）的种植，果树和多用途树种。政府的政策是，通过集体决策或出售剩余产品，无需与政府机构共享，就可以将租赁林的所有收益直接转移给租赁家庭。一项评估表明，仅覆盖新交接地区退化土地的32％的植被稳步增加到2岁组的50％，4-5岁组的68％和4-5岁组的78％。 6-7岁的小组。同样，1994/95年至2000年之间植被最明显的可测量差异是物种多样性的巨大增加。从这些森林中大量的饲料，薪柴和其他非木材森林产品以减少的收集时间直接受益于租赁，尤其是作为山上主要工人的妇女。随着草料产量的增加，贫穷的家庭现在增加了山羊和奶牛的数量，这为他们提供了良好的收入来源。尽管存在许多挑战，但这项租赁政策仍然成功，政府已将其从项目转换为计划，并在30个地区实施。

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