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首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Water and Environment(WE-2003); 20031215-18; Bhopal(IN) >Analyses Of The Precipitation Variation In Kuwait From 1957 To 2002
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Analyses Of The Precipitation Variation In Kuwait From 1957 To 2002

机译：1957年至2002年科威特的降水变化分析

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摘要

The state of Kuwait is characterized by a desert- type environment with low and erratic precipitation, high evaporation rates and dry hot climate. The main objective of this paper is to compile and analyze the available recorded rainfall data to be readily available for future hydrological studies. Statistics of the precipitation data for the period between 1957 and 2002 were used for precipitation analyses and assessment. It was concluded that the average total annual precipitation recorded for the last 45 years was 115 mm and occurred strictly between October and May (rainy season). The maximum and the minimum annual precipitation for the same period were 260 mm in 1975-1976 and 28 mm in 1993-1994. Only in five rain seasons within the last 45 years the total annual precipitation exceeded 200mm. The average monthly precipitation was 14 mm and the highest was 25 mm in January. Like other arid regions, the average monthly evaporation always exceeds rainfall many times over. However, there are periods during which high intensity rainfall far exceeds evaporation rates resulting in the formation of runoff water in wadis and in extreme severe flooding. For example, in 1934 heavy rain in few hours has destroyed houses and thousands of people were homeless. That year was called by local people "Al-Haddama" which means the destructive. During rainy season in 1993-1994 and 1997-1998 several destructive floods have been recorded and the precipitation was about 40 - 65 mm in few hours. The highest daily precipitation was recorded on 11th of November 1997 and it was 65 mm. During that day, Kuwait experienced flash floods and millions of cubic meters of runoff water were originated. It is recommended to establish an action integrated plan to control the. flash floods in order to protect the important infrastructures. The strategy of the action plan should include three major steps i.e.: 1) Assessment and delineation studies, 2) Proposing engineering measures and 3) Environmental management and proper land use.
机译：科威特州的特点是沙漠类型的环境，降水量少且不稳定，蒸发率高且气候炎热。本文的主要目的是汇编和分析可用的记录降雨数据，以便将来进行水文研究。 1957年至2002年期间的降水数据统计资料用于降水分析和评估。得出的结论是，过去45年记录的年平均总降水量为115 mm，严格在10月至5月（雨季）期间发生。同期的最大和最小年降水量在1975-1976年为260毫米，在1993-1994年为28毫米。在过去的45年中，仅在五个雨季中，年总降水量就超过了200mm。 1月的平均月降雨量为14 mm，最高为25 mm。像其他干旱地区一样，月平均蒸发量总是超过降雨很多倍。但是，在某些时期，高强度降雨远远超过蒸发速率，从而导致河床中形成径流水并导致极端严重的洪灾。例如，1934年的几小时大雨摧毁了房屋，成千上万人无家可归。那一年被当地人称为“ Al-Haddama”，意思是破坏性的。在1993-1994年和1997-1998年的雨季期间，已记录了几次破坏性洪水，几小时内的降水量约为40-65毫米。 1997年11月11日录得最高日降雨量，为65 mm。在那一天，科威特经历了山洪暴发，产生了数百万立方米的径流水。建议建立一个行动综合计划来进行控制。洪水泛滥，以保护重要的基础设施。该行动计划的战略应包括三个主要步骤，即：1）评估和划界研究； 2）提出工程措施； 3）环境管理和适当的土地使用。

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