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首页> 外文会议>International Soil Conservation Organization Conference vol.1; 20020526-31; Beijing(CN) >Water in Soil Profile and Sub-Strata and Watershed Development in Central Himalayas for Perennial Community Water Supply
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Water in Soil Profile and Sub-Strata and Watershed Development in Central Himalayas for Perennial Community Water Supply

机译：喜马拉雅中部多年生社区供水的土壤剖面和亚表层水和流域发展

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Communities living in the Central Himalayas of India have been meeting their requirement of water from sources such as traditional naula - a small seepage collection tank on hill slope, and its improved version - the Infiltration Well, Springs and small order streams (Das, 2000). Hydrologic studies carried out in the region detected a steady decline in spring as well as channel discharges and collection into naulas. Some of these have become seasonal and quite a few have even dried up. This has been concurrent to widespread denudation of natural forest cover and unabated erosion. These studies have concentrated on surface and spring hydrology while treated springs as part of ground water or manifestation of ground water. While the relevance of seepage as a process and water in soil profile and sub strata as an immediate source, have not been dealt with (Valdiya et al, 1993; Kadekodi et al., 1997). An UNDP sponsored feasibility study of the infiltration wells - an improved version of naula revealed the centrality of these two in the context of hydrologic continuum or whole as well as of sustainable water supply to the communities (Fig.1) (Rees, 1996). Examination of research results, field experiences and actual occurrence of springs vs first and second order streams and traditional naulas on the hill slopes established that seepage flows are the ultimate source for all these three and determines the extents of incident rainfall that could be disposed of as surface or immediate runoff and sub surface runoff.
机译：生活在印度喜马拉雅山中部的社区一直在满足他们对水的需求，这些水源来自诸如传统的瑙拉（一种在山坡上的小型渗漏收集罐）及其改进的水源-渗透井，泉水和小阶流（Das，2000年） 。在该地区进行的水文研究发现，春季水位持续下降，河道流量逐渐减少，并被收集到浮游生物中。其中一些已经变成季节性的，甚至有很多已经枯竭。这与对自然森林覆盖率的广泛剥夺和持续的侵蚀没有关系。这些研究集中于地表和春季水文学，而将泉水视为地下水的一部分或表现为地下水。虽然渗流是一个过程的过程，而土壤剖面和地下是水的直接来源，但尚未得到解决（Valdiya等，1993； Kadekodi等，1997）。联合国开发计划署赞助的一项渗透井可行性研究-改良的瑙拉模型揭示了这两个在水文连续性或整体以及向社区可持续供水的背景下的中心地位（图1）（Rees，1996）。检查研究结果，野外经验以及山坡上泉水与一阶和二阶流以及传统纳拉斯的实际发生情况，确定渗流是这三者的最终来源，并确定可以将其处置的入射降雨的程度。地表径流或直接径流和地下径流。

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