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首页> 外文会议>International Soil Conservation Organization Conference vol.1; 20020526-31; Beijing(CN) >Management of Natural Resources in Sustainable Surface
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Management of Natural Resources in Sustainable Surface

机译：可持续地表自然资源管理

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Since late nineteen, there has been ever increasing concern for adverse environmental impacts of intensive arable farming in varied land situations. Concerns like pollution of waters due to excess use of insecticides/pesticides, indiscriminate use of inorganic fertilizers and excessive irrigation under canal systems have attracted world wide attention in recent times. During the mid-sixties, the major goal of Indian agriculture was to increase food-grain production to cope up with the ever-increasing population. A composite strategy of introduction of high yielding varieties along with assured irrigation and fertilizers, and institutional support were provided to achieve quantum jump in agricultural production, which in turn provided additional employment in rural sector. A sizable investment has been made in creating assured irrigation facilities through major and medium irrigation projects with the target to increase food grain to a tune of 4 t/ha-5 t/ha in long term without causing any adverse effects on environment. Unfortunately, the introduction of canal irrigation resulted into development of soil salinity and shallow water-table in arid and semi-arid regions, which has serious negative impact on agricultural environment in the areas covered under canal irrigation systems. Despite massive invertment in creating canal irrigation systems, the present level of food grain production under canal command area is only around 1.7 t/ha (Satpate, 1988). The basic principal of soil and water conservation is to use the land according to its capability and treat the land according to its Performance (Tideman, 1996). The production performance of a crop is directly guided by soil characteristics viz., soil depth, texture, slope, water-holding capacity, internal drainage, etc. Based on these criteria, land has been classified in eight categories called 'land capability classes'. The first four land capability classes are considered suitable for crop production. The remaining four land capabilities classes are considered fit for pasture, wood lots and wild-life use. The choice of crops and cropping patterns based on capabilities in order to produce higher returns per unit area with adequate provision of conserving the natural resource (Van wambeke and Rossiter, 1987). Under the irrigated conditions these land capabilities are called 'land irrigability classes'. Of late researchers and planners have laid much emphasis on 'Land Capability Classes' as such to achieve sustainability in agricultural production(Alagh, 1990). Therefore, what is urgently called for is an appropriate land use policy so that optimal use of land resources based on land capability or sustainability is taken care of (Khosoo and Deekshatulu, 1992). In the present analysis, an attempt has been made to document the crop production under different land irrigability classes and its impact on natural resources like soil and other causative factors in semi-arid region of Gujarat State, India.
机译：自19世纪末以来，人们越来越关注在各种土地情况下集约化耕作对环境的不利影响。近年来，诸如由于过量使用杀虫剂/杀虫剂而造成的水污染，不加选择地使用无机肥料以及运河系统下过度灌溉等问题引起了全世界的关注。在六十年代中期，印度农业的主要目标是增加粮食产量以应对不断增长的人口。提供了一种综合战略，引进高产品种以及有保证的灌溉和化肥，并提供了机构支持，以实现农业生产的飞跃，进而为农村部门提供了额外的就业机会。通过大型和中型灌溉项目，已经进行了相当大的投资来建立有保证的灌溉设施，目标是长期将粮食谷物增加到4吨/公顷至5吨/公顷，而不会对环境造成任何不利影响。不幸的是，引入运河灌溉导致干旱和半干旱地区土壤盐分和浅水位的发展，这对运河灌溉系统覆盖的地区的农业环境造成了严重的负面影响。尽管在建立运河灌溉系统方面发生了巨大的转变，但运河指挥区目前的粮食产量仅为1.7吨/公顷（Satpate，1988）。水土保持的基本原则是根据土地的用途来使用土地，并根据其性能来处理土地（Tideman，1996）。作物的生产性能直接取决于土壤特性，即土壤深度，质地，坡度，持水能力，内部排水等。基于这些标准，土地被分为八类，称为“土地能力等级” 。前四个土地能力等级被认为适合作物生产。其余四个土地功能类别被认为适合牧场，林地和野生动物使用。根据能力选择作物和种植方式，以便在提供充足的自然资源保护的同时提高单位面积的收益（Van wambeke and Rossiter，1987）。在灌溉条件下，这些土地能力被称为“土地灌溉能力等级”。在最近的研究者和规划者中，人们非常重视“土地能力分类”，以实现农业生产的可持续性（Alagh，1990）。因此，迫切需要一种适当的土地利用政策，以便根据土地能力或可持续性来优化土地资源的使用（Khosoo和Deekshatulu，1992）。在目前的分析中，已尝试记录不同土地灌溉类型下的农作物产量及其对印度古吉拉特邦半干旱地区土壤和其他致病因素等自然资源的影响。

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