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首页> 外文会议>International Soil Conservation Organization Conference vol.1; 20020526-31; Beijing(CN) >Development of Sustainable Agriculture on Sloping Lands in China
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Development of Sustainable Agriculture on Sloping Lands in China

机译：中国坡地可持续农业发展

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摘要

When farming on sloping lands in China, farmers generally plant their crops up-and-down the slope and cultivate their land with minimal concern for soil erosion. This causes loss of not only topsoil but also plant nutrients. Since sloping lands cover vast areas in China and are being encroached upon and cultivated every year, it is imperative that appropriate technologies for managing these lands be introduced to farmers to minimize damage to the lowland areas and avoid farmers slipping into poverty because of degraded soils. As a model for development of sustainable agriculture on sloping lands in China, on-farm trials, funded by the Potash and Phosphate Institute of Canada (PPIC), were conducted in farmers' fields in Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan provinces. In the trials, alley cropping and application of balanced fertilizer were employed as the technology to reduce soil erosion and increase crop yields, in comparison with the farmers' practice. Day lily, pears, and Chinese prickly ash were used as hedgerow crops and corn, soybean, and sweet potatoes as alley crops in the alley cropping technique whereas K application was emphasized in the balanced fertilizer treatment. Results showed that K increased crop yields significantly when compared with the farmers' practice, which received no K. Increase in corn yield as high as 13% and wheat + barley yield as high as 31% was obtained from K application. With proper plant population density, K plus dolomite and B increased corn yield at the Yunnan site by 115% when compared with the farmers' practice. Soil loss was greatly reduced by alley cropping, ranging from 60%-80%, Economic analysis indicated higher net return from the application of K and alley cropping than that of the farmers' practice. Currently, the project is extending this technology to farmers. Responses to the extension are positive from both farmers and government officials.
机译：在中国的坡地上耕种时，农民通常在斜坡上和下种植农作物，耕种土地时对土壤侵蚀的关注最小。这不仅导致表土流失，还导致植物养分流失。由于倾斜的土地覆盖了中国的广大地区，并且每年都在被侵占和耕种，因此必须向农民介绍管理这些土地的适当技术，以最大程度地减少对低地的破坏并避免农民因土壤退化而陷入贫困。作为中国坡地上可持续农业发展的典范，由加拿大钾肥和磷酸盐研究所（PPIC）资助的田间试验在四川，贵州和云南省的农田进行。在试验中，与农民的实践相比，胡同种植和平衡肥料的施用被用作减少水土流失和增加农作物产量的技术。在小巷种植技术中，黄花菜，梨和花椒被用作树篱作物，玉米，大豆和地瓜被用作小巷作物，而在平衡肥料处理中强调了钾肥的施用。结果表明，与不施用钾肥的农民实践相比，钾肥显着提高了作物的产量。施用钾肥可使玉米增产高达13％，小麦和大麦的增产高达31％。与农民的实践相比，在适当的植物种群密度下，钾加白云石和硼使云南站点的玉米产量提高了115％。种植小巷可大大减少土壤流失，范围从60％-80％。经济分析表明，施用钾肥和小巷作物的净收益高于农民的实践。目前，该项目正在将该技术扩展到农民。农民和政府官员对扩建的反应都是积极的。

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