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首页> 外文会议>International Soil Conservation Organization Conference vol.1; 20020526-31; Beijing(CN) >Soil Erosion Management Practices in the Prefecture of Kilkis, Northern Greece
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Soil Erosion Management Practices in the Prefecture of Kilkis, Northern Greece

机译：希腊北部基尔基斯州的土壤侵蚀管理实践

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摘要

Declining yield, as a result of erosion in soils located in the Prefecture of Kilkis, Northern Greece has been observed. An area of about 3.000 hectares has been studied and the majority of the examined soils were mainly formed from the weathering of limestone or acidic material. These soils cover mainly hilly areas, have been classified as Entisols, Inceptisols or Alfisols, and are usually cultivated by wheat, maize, cotton, tobacco and sugar beets. They have been developed on tertiary or quaternary deposits and the upper terraces or alluvial fun are very susceptible to erosion. The appearance of high degree of erosion is present in the slopes greater than 6 % and is illustrated in the erosion map. Pronounced differences on soil depth, texture, water holding capacity, and nutrients have been recorded. Available phosphorus was very low in the subsurface layers, whilst potassium ranges in the ploughing layers and magnesium was in normal levels. Nutrient loss is quite severe and nitrogen leaching seems to play a dominant role in the decline of the crop yield, hence on farmers income. Attention should be paid hi the water shortage during the dry season, which affect land cover and erosion risk is increased during the rainy season, hi particular, it can be argued that in this semi-arid region the following measures and practices may be adopted such as: the policy of subsidies which encourage farmers for rotation or set aside of marginal areas, incentives for reforestation, minimum ploughing and/or ploughing along contour-lines, rational irrigation by means of the extension of drip irrigation systems may be applied, avoidance the burning of plant residues after harvesting and hi general adoption of a sustainable land use planning may be introduced.
机译：由于位于希腊北部基尔基斯州的土壤受到侵蚀，导致单产下降。已对约3000公顷的土地进行了研究，大部分被调查的土壤主要是由石灰石或酸性物质的风化形成的。这些土壤主要覆盖丘陵地区，被分类为Entisols，Inceptisols或Alfisols，通常由小麦，玉米，棉花，烟草和甜菜栽培。它们是在第三纪或第四纪沉积物上发育的，上阶阶地或冲积层极易受到侵蚀。在大于6％的坡度中出现了高度腐蚀的现象，并在腐蚀图中进行了说明。记录到土壤深度，质地，持水量和养分上的明显差异。地下层的有效磷非常低，而耕层的钾含量却在正常水平。营养损失非常严重，氮的淋溶似乎在农作物减产中起主要作用，从而影响农民的收入。应注意干旱季节的水资源短缺，这会影响土地覆盖，在雨季会增加侵蚀的风险。特别是，可以争论的是，在这个半干旱地区，可以采取以下措施和做法：如：鼓励农民轮换或留在边际地区的补贴政策，鼓励重新造林，最小耕作和/或沿等高线耕作的政策，可通过扩大滴灌系统进行合理灌溉，避免采伐后焚烧植物残渣，或引入可持续土地利用总体规划。

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