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首页> 外文会议>International Soil Conservation Organization Conference vol.1; 20020526-31; Beijing(CN) >Soil Conservation in the Philippine Uplands: Experiences from Eight Upland Projects
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Soil Conservation in the Philippine Uplands: Experiences from Eight Upland Projects

机译：菲律宾高地的水土保持：八个高地项目的经验

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摘要

Soil erosion in the Philippine uplands is widely regarded as the country's most serious environmental problem which affect about 63-76 percent of the country's total land area (Paningbatan 1990). This paper summarizes the experiences gained from eight upland development projects regarding promotion and adoption of recommended soil conservation practices at these study sites. The paper aims to analyze the major factors which affected technology adoption and the consequences of these technologies on the farming system. Policy implications and recommendations were drawn based from the above analysis. This study covered eight (8) upland sites distributed throughout the major islands in the Philippine archipelago. Three of the project sites were implemented by non-government organizations while the other five were government-initiated projects. Formal household surveys were conducted in the first five sites; case study analysis was done in the next two; while a reconnaissance survey was adopted in the eighth study site. In the final analysis, the study concluded that the diffusion of erosion control measures on the farm level has been limited in most upland development projects. Adoption usually peaks during project implementation and rapidly declines after its termination. Extent of adoption was usually limited within the project area with little evidence of spontaneity. Successful and sustained adoption of erosion control technologies has occurred where farmers are assured of the short-term economic returns thereby compensating for labor costs and loss of production area and where farmers clearly understand the basic concepts and principles of the technologies. In areas where adoption has occurred, erosion control technologies were significantly modified by farmers to suit specific biophysical and socioeconomic circumstance and farming systems. Hence, farmers' understanding of the purpose and the basic concept of the soil conservation farming technologies should be promoted to ensure that fanners' adaptations do not nullify the contribution of technology to resource conservation.
机译：菲律宾高地的水土流失被广泛认为是该国最严重的环境问题，影响到该国总土地面积的63-76％（Paningbatan 1990）。本文总结了在这些研究地点从八个陆地开发项目中推广和采用推荐的土壤保护措施所获得的经验。本文旨在分析影响技术采用的主要因素以及这些技术对耕作制度的影响。根据以上分析得出了政策含义和建议。这项研究涵盖了分布在菲律宾群岛各主要岛屿上的八（8）个高地遗址。其中三个项目地点是由非政府组织实施的，而其他五个项目是政府发起的项目。在前五个地点进行了正式的家庭调查；在接下来的两个案例中进行了案例研究分析；同时在第八个研究地点进行了侦察调查。归根结底，该研究得出的结论是，在大多数陆地开发项目中，侵蚀控制措施在农场一级的传播受到限制。采用率通常在项目实施期间达到顶峰，而在项目终止后迅速下降。通常在项目区域内采用的程度有限，几乎没有自发性的证据。在确保农民获得短期经济回报从而补偿劳动力成本和生产面积损失的同时，农民清楚地了解了该技术的基本概念和原理，从而成功并持续地采用了侵蚀控制技术。在已被采用的地区，农民对侵蚀控制技术进行了重大修改，以适应特定的生物物理和社会经济情况以及耕作制度。因此，应该促进农民对水土保持耕作技术的目的和基本概念的理解，以确保农民的适应措施不会使技术对资源节约的贡献无效。

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