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Soil Conservation in the Philippine Uplands: Experiences from Eight Upland Projects

机译：菲律宾高地的土壤保护：八个高地项目的经验

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摘要

Soil erosion in the Philippine uplands is widely regarded as the country's most serious environmental problem which affect about 63-76 percent of the country's total land area (Paningbatan 1990). This paper summarizes the experiences gained from eight upland development projects regarding promotion and adoption of recommended soil conservation practices at these study sites. The paper aims to analyze the major factors which affected technology adoption and the consequences of these technologies on the farming system. Policy implications and recommendations were drawn based from the above analysis. This study covered eight (8) upland sites distributed throughout the major islands in the Philippine archipelago. Three of the project sites were implemented by non-government organizations while the other five were government-initiated projects. Formal household surveys were conducted in the first five sites; case study analysis was done in the next two; while a reconnaissance survey was adopted in the eighth study site. In the final analysis, the study concluded that the diffusion of erosion control measures on the farm level has been limited in most upland development projects. Adoption usually peaks during project implementation and rapidly declines after its termination. Extent of adoption was usually limited within the project area with little evidence of spontaneity. Successful and sustained adoption of erosion control technologies has occurred where farmers are assured of the short-term economic returns thereby compensating for labor costs and loss of production area and where farmers clearly understand the basic concepts and principles of the technologies. In areas where adoption has occurred, erosion control technologies were significantly modified by farmers to suit specific biophysical and socioeconomic circumstance and farming systems. Hence, farmers' understanding of the purpose and the basic concept of the soil conservation farming technologies should be promoted to ensure that fanners' adaptations do not nullify the contribution of technology to resource conservation.
机译：菲律宾高地的土壤侵蚀被广泛认为是该国最严重的环境问题，影响该国总土地面积的63-76％（淘巴丹1990年）。本文总结了八个高地开发项目中获得的经验，了解这些研究网站推荐和采用推荐的土壤保护实践。本文旨在分析影响技术采用的主要因素以及这些技术对农业系统的后果。根据上述分析，绘制了政策影响和建议。本研究涵盖了菲律宾群岛的主要岛屿的八（8）名陆地网站。其中三个项目网站由非政府组织实施，而其他五个是政府发起的项目。正式的家庭调查是在前五个地点进行的;案例研究分析在接下来的两个中完成;虽然第八届研究现场采用了侦察调查。在最终分析中，该研究得出结论，在大多数高地开发项目中，农业水平的侵蚀控制措施的扩散受到限制。采用通常在项目实施期间的峰值，终止后迅速下降。采用程度通常在项目区内有限，没有自发性的证据。成功且持续采用侵蚀控制技术已经发生，在农民确保短期经济回报率，从而补偿了劳动力成本和生产区丧失以及农民清楚地了解技术的基本概念和原则。在采用发生的地区，农民显着修改侵蚀控制技术，以适应特定的生物物理和社会经济环境和农业系统。因此，应促进农民对宗旨的理解和土壤保护养殖技术的基本概念，以确保扇形的适应不会使技术贡献提供资源保护。

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