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首页> 外文会议>International Soil Conservation Organization Conference vol.3; 20020526-31; Beijing(CN) >Integration of Organic and Inorganic Soil Fertility Improvement Inputs for Improved Crop Yields in Central Highlands of Kenya
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Integration of Organic and Inorganic Soil Fertility Improvement Inputs for Improved Crop Yields in Central Highlands of Kenya

机译：整合有机和无机土壤肥力改良投入以改善肯尼亚中部高地的作物产量

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Production of agricultural products has lagged behind population growth in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa. The problem is associated to a decline in soil productivity that is a consequence of continuous cultivation with no or inadequate external soil fertility enhancement inputs. This is a common situation in central highlands of Kenya where over 90% of farmers are resource poor smallholders and the soils are characterised by low levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. The situation is worsened by cultivation methods, which are more of nutrients mining rather than nutrient conservation. The whole scenario contributes to inadequate food production leading to hunger and poverty among the farming communities. In seeking for an environmentally viable and economically feasible technology(ies) for combating soil nutrients depletion, farmer-managed on-farm trials using readily available inorganic and organic resources were conducted within the main maize/coffee/dairy land use systems of central Kenya. The soil fertility improvement resources were identified in focused survey conducted prior to field experimentation with aim of taking an inventory of soil fertility status and the most readily available soil fertility improvement opportunities for smallholder farmers. Farmyard manure (FYM) and Tithonia diversifilia biomass were found to be the most readily available organic resources and were both applied at an equivalent N content of 60kg ha~(-1), same as the inorganic fertilizers N recommendation for the area. Maize (Zea mays L. Var. Hybrid 513) was the crop and besides assessing the biophysical crop performance, the trials had also an objective of assessing socio-economic effects of organic, inorganic and their (organic-inorganic) combinations to improve crop productivity. Application of recommended rates (60kg of both N and P ha~(-1)) of inorganic fertilisers gave an average maize grain yield of 7.5 Mg ha~(-1) and USD 681 total net benefits (NB). This was closely followed by integration of Tithonia biomass and 30kg ha~(-1) of both N and P ha~(-1) with 6.8 Mg ha~(-1) grain yield and USD 520 net benefits. The survey found that majority of farmers can not afford to buy and apply enough inorganic fertilisers, hence, a recommendation was put forwards for smallholder farmers to embark on integration of organic and inorganic soil fertility improvement resources for an improved food security in the region.
机译：撒哈拉以南非洲大部分地区的农产品生产落后于人口增长。该问题与土壤生产力的下降有关，这是由于没有或没有足够的外部土壤肥力投入而连续耕种的结果。这是肯尼亚中部高地的普遍情况，那里超过90％的农民是资源贫乏的小农，土壤的氮和磷含量较低。耕种方法使情况更加恶化，耕种方法更多地是利用养分而不是养分进行养分。整个情况导致粮食生产不足，导致农业社区的饥饿和贫困。为了寻求一种在环境上可行且在经济上可行的技术来抵抗土壤养分的消耗，肯尼亚中部主要的玉米/咖啡/乳制品土地利用系统中进行了农民管理的农场试验，使用了易于获得的无机和有机资源。在田间试验之前进行的重点调查中确定了土壤肥力改善资源，目的是盘点土壤肥力状况和小农最容易获得的土壤肥力改善机会。已发现农家肥（FYM）和多样性的Tithonia diversifilia生物量是最容易获得的有机资源，并且都以相当于60kg ha〜（-1）的氮含量施用，与该地区推荐的无机肥料N相同。玉米（Zea mays L. Var。Hybrid 513）是农作物，除了评估生物物理农作物的生长性能外，这些试验还旨在评估有机，无机及其（有机-无机）组合的社会经济效应，以提高作物的生产力。 。施用推荐量（N和P ha〜（-1）均为60kg）的无机肥料可使玉米平均单产为7.5 Mg ha〜（-1），总净收益为681美元。紧随其后的是整合了Tithonia生物量以及30 kg ha〜（-1）的N和P ha〜（-1），谷物产量为6.8 Mg ha〜（-1），净收益为520美元。调查发现大多数农民买不起和使用足够的无机肥料，因此，建议小农户着手整合有机和无机土壤肥力改善资源，以改善该地区的粮食安全。

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