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首页> 外文会议>International Soil Conservation Organization Conference vol.3; 20020526-31; Beijing(CN) >Aerobic Rice (Han Dao): A New Way of Growing Rice in Water-Short Areas
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Aerobic Rice (Han Dao): A New Way of Growing Rice in Water-Short Areas

机译：有氧水稻：在缺水地区种植水稻的新方法

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摘要

Traditional lowland rice with continuous flooding in Asia has relatively high water inputs. Because of increasing water scarcity, there is a need to develop alternative systems that require less water. "Aerobic rice" is a new concept of growing rice: it is high-yielding rice grown in non-puddled, aerobic soils under irrigation and high external inputs. To make aerobic rice successful, new varieties and management practices must be developed. Results are reported of field experiments and farmer-participatory research in the Huang-Huai-Hai plain, northern China, where newly developed aerobic rice varieties are compared with lowland rice. Highest recorded aerobic rice yields were 4.7—6.6 t • ha~(-1), compared with 8—8.8 of lowland rice. The variety Han Dao 502 is most promising because of its relatively high yield under both aerobic and flooded conditions and because of its good quality fetching a high market price. Compared with lowland rice, water inputs in aerobic rice were more than 50% lower (only 470 mm—650 mm), water productivities 64%—88% higher, gross returns 28%—44% lower (345—633 $ ha~(-1)) and labor use 55% lower. Pilot farmers were satisfied with these first results. Because of its low water use, aerobic rice can be produced in areas where lowland rice can not (anymore) be grown. Since aerobic rice is targeted at water-short areas, socio-economic comparisons must include water-short lowland rice and other upland crops. The development of high-yielding aerobic rice is still in its infancy and germplasm still needs to be improved and appropriate management technologies developed.
机译：在亚洲，连续洪水的传统低地稻米的水输入量相对较高。由于缺水的增加，需要开发需要更少水的替代系统。 “好氧稻米”是种植稻米的新概念：它是在​​灌溉和大量外部投入条件下在非水化好氧土壤中种植的高产稻米。为了使有氧水稻获得成功，必须开发新的品种和管理方法。据报道，在中国北方的黄淮海平原进行了田间试验和农民参与研究，结果将新开发的好氧水稻品种与低地水稻进行了比较。有氧水稻最高记录产量为4.7-6.6 t•ha〜（-1），而低地水稻为8-8.8。汉道502品种是最有前途的，因为它在有氧和淹水条件下都具有较高的收成率，而且其优良的品质能获得较高的市场价格。与低地稻相比，好氧稻的水输入量减少了50％以上（仅470 mm-650 mm），水生产率提高了64％-88％，总收益降低了28％-44％（345-633 $ ha〜（ -1））和劳力消耗降低了55％。试点农民对这些最初的结果感到满意。由于需水量少，可在不能（不再）种植低地稻米的地区生产好氧稻米。由于好氧稻米针对缺水地区，因此社会经济比较必须包括缺水低地稻米和其他旱地作物。高产好氧稻的发展仍处于起步阶段，种质仍有待改进，并开发了适当的管理技术。

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