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首页> 外文会议>International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences(KSS'2006); 20060922-25; Beijing(CN) >A META SYSTEM FOR UNDERSTANDING INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT
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A META SYSTEM FOR UNDERSTANDING INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT

机译：理解国际冲突的元系统

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This paper uses Nomology, a decision science approach to structuring qualitative decisions, to show that conflict decision-making uses a generic framework based on a succession of dichotomies. The first dichotomy is whether the two parties mainly agree or disagree. The second is whether to use direct or indirect action. These combine to form four General Political Adjustment Activities, which have corresponding dilemmas: Collaboration (Integration), Cooperation (Agreement), Confrontation (Persuasion) and Conflict (Escalation). It explores how the generic activities might be perceived in terms of Chinese culture and systems and suggests that the agree/disagree dimension corresponds to being in harmony or not. It suggests that the direct/indirect dimension appears in Chinese culture as the use of power versus guanxi or relationships through people. One difference with the West is that Chinese culture appears to put more emphasis on Conflict Resolution, i.e. the adapting process of moving in the reverse direction away from Conflict. A second difference appears to be a lack of balance within these dimensions as might have been expected within a culture influenced by Confucious, so conscious of the Yin/Yang balance in everything. There seems to be an over strong emphasis on being in harmony, and on respecting power, especially seniority and authority. This seems evident in the lack of emphasis on Confrontation rather than seeing it as a bridge whereby to pass from Conflict to Cooperation. This contrasts with the United States, which appears both to focus too much on using its power to force other countries to adjust, and to have difficulty with both Confrontation and Cooperation in international politics. It suggests that China may be very well positioned to help contribute to a stable international political order based on international cooperation and harmony-seeking.
机译：本文使用Nomology（一种决策科学方法来构造定性决策）来表明，冲突决策使用基于一连串二分法的通用框架。第一个二分法是双方主要是同意还是不同意。第二个是使用直接还是间接动作。这些共同构成了四个一般性的政治调整活动，这些活动具有相应的困境：合作（整合），合作（协议），对抗（说服）和冲突（升级）。它探讨了如何从中国文化和制度的角度看待一般性活动，并建议同意/不同意维度对应于和谐与否。这表明，在中国文化中，直接/间接的维度表现为权力的使用与关系或通过人与人的关系。与西方的不同之处在于，中国文化似乎更加重视解决冲突，即从冲突中反方向发展的适应过程。第二个差异似乎是在这些维度上缺乏平衡，这是在受孔子文化影响的文化中所预期的，因此意识到一切事物的阴/阳平衡。似乎过分强调和谐相处，以及尊重权力，尤其是资历和权威。缺乏对战而不是将其视为从冲突过渡到合作的桥梁，似乎可以看出这一点。与此形成鲜明对比的是美国，美国似乎过于注重利用其力量来迫使其他国家进行调整，而在国际政治中的对抗与合作都存在困难。它表明，中国在国际合作与寻求和谐的基础上，可以很好地帮助为稳定的国际政治秩序作出贡献。

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