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Proficiency Testing Program for Used Oil Analysis Laboratories

机译：废油分析实验室能力测试计划

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Of the nearly one billion gallons of used lubricating oil produced annually in the U.S.,rnnearly 60% is recycled as fuel burned for energy recovery. The facilities involved in therngeneration, processing and combustion are sometimes required by air quality and RCRArnPart 279 permits to test the oil for compliance with federal and state standards for metals,rnsulfur, halogenated contaminants, PCBs, flash point and other substances and properties,rnEnd users, such as burners, may also require additional testing to meet commercernstandards for water, viscosity and heating value. The lack of a comprehensive program tornassess the performance of laboratories testing used oil to be burned as fuel has limited thernability of regulators and industry to determine the quality of the test results and as arnconsequence, the degree of compliance with the regulations and commerce standards.rnThe program described here provides all of the above stakeholders with an objectivernsnapshot of used oil analysis performance. Participating laboratories, who include cementrnkilns, utilities, oil recyclers and commercial testing laboratories, receive two samplesrnquarterly to be tested for ash content, BTU heating value, total halogens, flash point, pH,rnspecific gravity, s u b , viscosity, water, and metals. A separate sample is provided to berntested for PCBs.rnThe samples consist of real used oils collected fiom generators and have included enginernand hydraulic system oils from cars, trucks and heavy equipment as well as antifreeze.rnParticipants are allowed to use any method they choose. The interlaboratory results arernaveraged and after removal of outliers, the 2-score calculated for each participant. The Zscorernis the number of standard deviations of a laboratory’s result from the mean of thernoverall data set and is internationally recognized as an appropriate way to compare resultsrnfor parameters without expected values, making it ideally suited for used oils. A Z-scorerngreater than 2 is considered an indicator of analytical error.rnTo date, nearly 50 U.S. and international laboratories have participated in the program.rnResults fiom the first six rounds are discussed. Performance appears unrelated to thernmethod used, whether it is an EPA or ASTM method or is an in-house procedure,rnjustwg the averaging of results across methods. Test results for bulk properties likernBTU content, specific gravity and viscosity show better interlaboratory agreement than forrnminor and trace constituents like halogens, PCBs and metals. The accurate determinationrnof arsenic at the federal limit of 5 ug/g was found to be problematic due to various
机译：在美国每年生产的近十亿加仑的废润滑油中，有近60％被作为燃烧的燃料再循环以回收能源。空气质量有时需要用于生热，加工和燃烧的设施，并且RCRArn第279部分允许测试该油是否符合联邦和州有关金属，硫，卤化污染物，PCB，闪点和其他物质和特性的标准，最终用户，例如燃烧器，可能还需要进行额外的测试，才能达到有关水，粘度和热值的商业标准。缺乏全面的计划来破坏实验室测试用作燃料燃烧的废油的性能，这限制了监管机构和行业确定测试结果质量的能力，并严重影响了法规和商业标准的遵守程度。这里描述的程序为上述所有利益相关者提供了废油分析性能的客观快照。包括水泥窑，公用事业，石油回收公司和商业测试实验室在内的参与实验室，每季度接受两个样品进行灰分含量，BTU热值，总卤素，闪点，pH，比重，表面活性剂，粘度，水和金属的测试。提供了一个单独的样品用于PCB的测试。样品包括从发电机中收集的实际废油，其中包括来自汽车，卡车和重型设备的发动机油和液压系统油以及防冻剂。参与者可以使用他们选择的任何方法。将实验室间结果平均，并去除异常值后，为每个参与者计算2分。 Zscorernis是根据总体数据集的平均值得出的实验室标准差的数量，并且国际公认是比较没有预期值的参数的结果的合适方法，使其非常适用于废油。 Z-scorerngreater大于2被认为是分析误差的指标。到目前为止，已有近50个美国和国际实验室参加了该计划。rn讨论了前六轮的结果。性能似乎与所使用的方法无关，无论是EPA还是ASTM方法还是内部程序，都需要对各种方法的结果进行平均。 BRN含量，比重和粘度等体积特性的测试结果显示，实验室内部的一致性优于卤素和PCB和金属等微量和微量成分。由于各种原因，准确测定联邦限量5 ug / g的砷存在问题。

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