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Agricultural Ammonia Emissions and Ammonium Deposition in the Southeast United States

机译：美国东南部的农业氨气排放和铵沉积

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County-scale annual ammonia emissions are estimated in eight Southeast States for the year 1997 using emission factors and activity data for all domestic livestock and fertilizer sources. A geographical distribution of the data yields local areas (350-1500 km~2) of elevated ammonia (NH_3) emissions (>2000 kg NH_3/km~2). Temporal and spatial variation in ambient ammonium (NH_4~+) concentrations and volume-weighted NH_4~+ concentration in precipitation are investigated over the period 1990-1998 in and around these source regions. Regression analysis for the year 1997 shows that annual average ambient NH/ concentration increases logarithmically (R~2=0.86) with the total annual NH_3 emission within the corresponding county. It is also shown that annual volume-weighted average NH_4~+ concentration in precipitation increases linearly with annual NH_3 emission within the corresponding county when precipitation effects are accounted for. Analysis of ambient NH_4~+ concentration at various Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) sites revealed that temperature, precipitation amount, and relative humidity are the most statistically significant (p<0.05) parameters in predicting the weekly concentrations of NH_4~+ during the period 1990-1998. Wind speed and wind direction were also statistically significant (p<0.05) at several CASTNet sites, but the results were less consistent. Investigation into wet NH_4~+ concentration in precipitation yielded temperature as a statistically significant (p<0.05) parameter. Trends over the period 1990-1998 revealed a slight decrease in ambient NH_4~+ concentration at CASTNet site SPD (2.14 to 1.88 μg/m~3), while positive trends in NH_4~+ concentration in precipitation were evident at NADP sites NC35 (0.2 to 0.48 mg/L) and KY35 (0.2 to 0.35 mg/L) over the period 1990-1998.
机译：利用所有家畜和肥料来源的排放因子和活动数据，估计了东南八个州在1997年的县级年度氨排放量。数据的地理分布导致局部地区（350-1500 km〜2）氨（NH_3）排放升高（> 2000 kg NH_3 / km〜2）。研究了1990-1998年期间和附近源区周围环境铵（NH_4〜+）浓度和体积加权NH_4〜+浓度的时空变化。对1997年的回归分析表明，相应县内年均NH_3排放量使年平均环境NH /浓度呈对数增长（R〜2 = 0.86）。研究还表明，考虑到降水影响，相应县域降水的年体积加权平均NH_4〜+浓度随年NH_3排放线性增加。在各个清洁空气状况和趋势网络（CASTNet）站点上对环境NH_4〜+浓度的分析表明，温度，降水量和相对湿度是预测在此期间每周NH_4〜+浓度的最显着统计参数（p <0.05）。 1990年至1998年。在多个CASTNet站点上，风速和风向也具有统计学意义（p <0.05），但结果不一致。降水中湿NH_4〜+浓度的研究产生的温度为统计学上显着（p <0.05）的参数。 1990-1998年期间的趋势表明，CASTNet站点SPD的周围NH_4〜+浓度略有下降（2.14至1.88μg/ m〜3），而在NADP站点NC35处，降水中的NH_4〜+浓度呈正趋势（0.2）。至1990年至1998年期间的KY35（0.2至0.35 mg / L）至0.48 mg / L）和KY35（0.2至0.35 mg / L）。

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