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首页> 外文会议>IWA(International Water Association) International Specialised Conference on Wastewater Treatment for Nutrient Removal and Reuse; 20040126-29; Bangkok(TH) >Freeze concentration for enrichment of nutrients in yellow water from no-mix toilets
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Freeze concentration for enrichment of nutrients in yellow water from no-mix toilets

机译：冻结浓缩以免混合马桶中的黄色水中的养分富集

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摘要

Separately collected urine ("yellow water") can be utilized as fertilizer. In order to decrease storage volumes and energy consumption for yellow water transport to fields, enrichment of nutrients in yellow water has to be considered. Laboratory-scale batch freeze concentration of yellow water has been tested in ice-front freezing apparatus: a stirred vessel and a falling film freeze concentrator (coolant temperatures: -6 to -16℃). With progressing enrichment of the liquid concentrate, the frozen ice was increasingly contaminated with yellow water constituents (ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, TOC, and salts determined as conductivity). The higher the initial salinity of the yellow water and the lower the mechanical agitation of the liquid phase contacting the growing ice front, the more the frozen ice was contaminated. The results indicate, that in ice-front freezing devices multistage processes are necessary, i.e. the melted ice phase has to be purified (and the concentrates must be further enriched) in a second or even in a third stage. Energy consumption of this process is very high. However, technical scale suspension freeze concentration is reasonable in centralized ecological sanitation schemes if the population exceeds 0.5 million and distance of yellow water transportation to fields is more than 80 km.
机译：单独收集的尿液（“黄水”）可用作肥料。为了减少黄水运往田间的存储量和能源消耗，必须考虑黄水中营养物质的富集。实验室规模的黄水分批冻结浓度已在冰前冻结设备中进行了测试：搅拌容器和降膜冻结浓缩器（冷却液温度：-6至-16℃）。随着浓缩液的不断浓缩，冷冻的冰越来越多地被黄水成分（氨，总氮，总磷，TOC和确定为电导率的盐）污染。黄水的初始盐度越高，并且与生长的冰面接触的液相的机械搅动越低，冷冻的冰被污染的程度就越大。结果表明，在冰前冷冻装置中，多级过程是必要的，即，必须在第二级甚至第三级中纯化融化的冰相（并且必须进一步浓缩浓缩液）。该过程的能耗非常高。但是，如果人口超过50万且黄水到田间的运输距离超过80公里，则在集中式生态卫生计划中采用技术规模的悬浮冻结浓度是合理的。

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