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Microsecond shockwave laser lithotripsy: analysis of induced absorption mechanisms

机译：微秒冲击波激光碎石术：诱导吸收机制分析

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Abstract: Theoretical model of microsecond shockwave laser lithotripsy is developed. The destroying stone is considered to be a medium with low absorption and high scattering which contains high-absorptive organic inclusions. Laser radiation penetrates deep into such type of media and bulk destruction processes may occur in its significant volume. The distribution of energy fluence in stone volume was found in diffusion approximation. The evolution of state for each individual inclusion was studied. It was shown that the organic matter thermochemical decomposition plays an important role here. Such process leads to gas and high-absorption pyrocarbon generation. It produces sharp increasing of pore volume, cracks formation, and results shockwave generation. These processes change the state of illuminated stone layer - lead to the formation of highly absorptive loose composition. Such layer change - predestruction - produces conditions for the later effective transformation of laser energy. Some important dependencies for such processes were found both in simplified analytical form and numerically. Computer simulation for described model of microsecond laser lithotripsy was done with the parameters typical for ruby microsecond laser. Obtained results give the basis for the estimation of lithotripsy efficiency.!6
机译：摘要：建立了微秒冲击波激光碎石理论模型。破坏性石头被认为是一种具有低吸收性和高散射性的介质，其中含有高吸收性有机包裹体。激光辐射会深深地渗透到这种类型的介质中，并且在其大量体积中可能发生整体破坏过程。通过扩散近似发现能量通量在石材体积中的分布。研究了每个包含物的状态演化。结果表明，有机物的热化学分解在这里起着重要的作用。这样的过程导致产生气体和高吸收性热解碳。它会导致孔体积急剧增加，形成裂纹并导致产生冲击波。这些过程改变了被照亮石材层的状态-导致形成高吸收性松散成分。这种层的变化（预破坏）为以后的激光能量有效转换创造了条件。在简化的分析形式和数值上都发现了此类过程的一些重要依存关系。使用红宝石微秒激光的典型参数对微秒激光碎石术模型进行了计算机仿真。获得的结果为估计碎石效率提供了依据。！6

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