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首页> 外文会议>Latest trends on cultural heritage and tourism >Problems in the history of bastioned fortifications. Methods of restoration and rehabilitation of the bastioned fortifications with earthen rampart.
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Problems in the history of bastioned fortifications. Methods of restoration and rehabilitation of the bastioned fortifications with earthen rampart.

机译：堡垒工事史上的问题。用土垒对堡垒设防进行恢复和修复的方法。

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The bastion-shape fortifications represent a particular domain of the engineering which has flourish over the past centuries and it is closely connected with the architecture, military methods and also many other domains of science. Today the bastioned fortifications in Europe are in a great danger It is no longer a problem linked with the means of conservation of this historic relics for posterity, who are threaten with destruction, even before the experts can study them, but also this matter represent a problem of sustainability of this structures, and the way this structures can or can't be integrated inside the urban structure of the 21st century modern cities. Since the bastioned fortifications were different from the incipient forms, their investigations require different methods of research. To conclude this shortly, this methods contain a study of their historical past (including a brief review of the history of fortifications), and also an analysis of the site where the defensive structure lays from the point of view of defence with an particular accent over the adiacent surroundings and the perimeter. The analysis of the fortification itself contain a deep study over the profile (vertical section) of the rampart and the ditch and finding the "line" of the fortress trace, in order to establish the type of the measurement unit which was used when the plan was traced ,when the fortification was built. Next stage is the calculation of the geometric proportions and the angles of the original outline of the elements (having as basis geometric rules with the characteristic proportions), then follow the analysis of the structures from the inside of the outline, communications, accesses and the exterior buildings. This paper relates to the direct way of the restoration and rehabilitation of the Cluj Citadel.
机译：堡垒形的防御工事代表了过去几个世纪以来蓬勃发展的工程领域，并且与建筑，军事方法以及许多其他科学领域紧密相关。如今，欧洲的堡垒防御工事正处于极大的危险中，这已不再是与保护后世历史遗迹的方法有关的问题了，这些后遗物甚至在专家们研究之前就已遭到破坏，但也代表了一个问题。这种结构的可持续性问题，以及这种结构能否或不能整合到21世纪现代城市的城市结构中。由于堡垒式防御工事与原始形式不同，因此他们的研究需要不同的研究方法。总之，此方法包括对它们的历史过去的研究（包括对防御工事的历史的简要回顾），以及从防御的角度分析防御结构所在的地点，并带有特定的口音。周围的环境和周边。防御工事本身的分析包含对城墙和沟渠的轮廓（垂直截面）的深入研究，并找到堡垒痕迹的“线”，以便确定计划时使用的测量单位的类型。在建立防御工事时被追踪。下一步是计算元素原始轮廓的几何比例和角度（作为具有特征比例的基本几何规则），然后从轮廓内部，通讯，通道和路径进行结构分析。外部建筑。本文涉及克卢日城堡的恢复和修复的直接途径。

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