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首页> 外文会议>Material Degradation and Related Managerial Issues at Nuclear Power Plants >ASPECTS OF UNEXPECTED EVENTS IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
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ASPECTS OF UNEXPECTED EVENTS IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

机译：核电厂意外事件的方面

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Unexpected events in nuclear power plants (NPP) may lead to upset conditions or even accidents. Events such as these affect not only safety, but also the economic viability of NPP operation. Another facet of such events, virtually irrespective of their degree of severity, is the generally negative impact on public acceptance of nuclear power, such as was seen as a direct result of the Three Mile Island (USA - 1979) and Chernobyl (Ukraine - 1986) accidents. The operators of NPPs are responsible for their safe operation, whilst regulators ensure that NPP operating practices (e.g. start-up, shut-down procedures, inspections, monitorifig, and compliance with technical specifications (TS)) are such that the highest possible levels of safety are a priori present at all times. As a matter of engineering principles, designs of NPPs feature safety margins and they are based on conservative assumptions, mostly to allow for material response to the operating conditions and environment (e.g. neutron embrittlement, fatigue usage). Inspections and monitoring have the purpose to check whether systems structures and components (SSC) are behaving according to the design with regard to compliance with safety requirements even when "aged". The paper examines aspects concerning events or accidents in NPPs, despite generally high levels of SSC monitoring and inspection and regulatory oversight. The importance of materials selection at the design stage, and the need for vigilance and questioning attitudes is stressed. The necessity to learn from accidents or events that have occurred in other NPPs is shown to be an important tool and source of information for NPP designers, manufacturers, operators and regulators.
机译：核电厂（NPP）中发生意外事件可能会导致状况恶化甚至事故。诸如此类的事件不仅影响安全，而且影响核电厂运行的经济可行性。此类事件的另一个方面，无论其严重程度如何，基本上都是对公众接受核电的负面影响，例如三英里岛（美国-1979年）和切尔诺贝利（乌克兰-1986年）的直接结果。 ）事故。核电厂的运营人应对其安全运行负责，而监管机构则确保核电厂的运行规范（例如启动，关闭程序，检查，监控以及是否符合技术规范（TS））应尽可能高。安全始终是我们的首要任务。根据工程原理，核电厂的设计具有安全余量，并且基于保守的假设，主要是为了对工作条件和环境（例如中子脆化，疲劳使用）做出实质性响应。检查和监视的目的是检查系统结构和组件（SSC）是否符合设计要求，即使在“老化”时也符合安全要求。尽管总体上对南南合作的监督和检查以及监管监督水平很高，但本文还是研究了与核电厂事件或事故有关的方面。强调了在设计阶段选择材料的重要性以及保持警惕和质疑态度的必要性。向其他NPP发生的事故或事件学习的必要性被证明是NPP设计人员，制造商，操作人员和监管者的重要工具和信息来源。

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