With the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, rare earth luminescent nanomaterials have been attracting increasing attention. Among them, a novel rare earth upconversion luminescent nanomaterial applied to biomedicine has attracted many researcher's interests. Therefore, this paper reviews the recent advances in the application of rare earth upconversion luminescent nanomaterials in biological fields (such as drug delivery, biological detection and biological imaging), and prospects for the research of rare earth upconversion luminescent nanomaterials.
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