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Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Mobile Sources

机译：控制移动源的温室气体排放量

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It is generally accepted that greenhouse gas emissions (primarily carbon dioxide and methane) are the cause of the rapid (by geologic standards) heating of the earth experienced in the last decade. Left unchecked, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are expected to more than triple over the next 100 years, with potentially catastrophic environmental consequences. Most of the U.S. emissions (80%) are due to carbon dioxide from fossil %el combustion when emissions are normalized for greenhouse effect as millions of metric tons of carbon equivalent (MMTCE). Nearly 20% of total annual U.S. greenhouse gas emissions (400 MMTCE) are due to carbon dioxide produced by mobile sources (cars, light and heavy trucks, other surface transportation vehicles and equipment) excluding aircraft. A passenger car may produce as much as 1 to 2 lbs per mile driven, on average over 200 lbs per tankful of gas. Light trucks, including the popular sport-utility vehicles, produce on average 50% more carbon dioxide than passenger cars. Efforts to reduce these emissions have focussed on either improving fuel economy by developing more fuel efficient electric motor hybrid diesel or gasoline powered vehicles or fuel cell powered vehicles, encouraging development and use of mass transit systems, and car pooling. However, none of these countermeasures can be expected to result in sigruficant carbon dioxide emission reductions for decades and will at best, reduce mobile source emissions by 50% once hlly implemented. In fact, it is likely that the increase in the number of vehicles in the U.S. (now more than 200 million) over the next 25 years will offset any benefits achieved from these programs. The international picture is even more troubling, as developing nations such as China and India continue to industrialize and increase their total fleet of vehicles. While efforts have begun to explore control technologies for carbon dioxide emissions from large stationary sources such as electric power plants and oil production facilities, involving removal and long term storage in the ocean and geologic formations, little research is currently being carried out to develop control technologies for mobile sources, which could potentially reduce emissions from these sources by nearly 100%. The limited space available in the vehicles and the likely need for frequent replenishment of sorbents used to trap the carbon dioxide are serious limitations as well as the likely costs of such control technologies, This work describes a feasibility study conducted to determine if onboard control systems can be developed for mobile sources. Both wet and dry scrubber technologies involving molecular sieves, sodium and potassium carbonate, and alkanolamines are evaluated.
机译：它通常被认为是温室气体排放（主要是二氧化碳和甲烷）是过去十年经历的地球的快速（通过地质标准）的原因。在未来100年内，预计左侧，大气二氧化碳水平预计将超过三倍，具有潜在的灾难性环境后果。大多数美国排放量（80％）是由于碳化碳的归一化为数百万公吨的碳当量（MMTCE）时由化石％EL燃烧中二氧化碳。近20％的美国温室气体排放（400 mmtce）是由于移动来源（汽车，轻型卡车，其他表面运输车辆和设备）生产的二氧化碳，不包括飞机。乘用车可能每英里产生多达1至2磅，平均每罐储气超过200磅。轻型卡车，包括流行的运动型多用途车，平均生产多氧化碳的50％，而不是乘用车。减少这些排放的努力主要通过开发更多燃料效率的电动机混合柴油或汽油动力车辆或燃料电池动力车辆，鼓励开发和使用传统交通系统和汽车汇集来实现燃油经济性的努力。然而，这些对策都没有预期导致十几年的SeIgruficant二氧化碳排放减少，并且最多将减少50％的移动源排放一旦实施。事实上，在接下来的25年中，美国车辆数量增加可能会增加这些计划所取得的任何益处。由于中国和印度等发展中国家，国际局势更加令人不安，继续推动工业化，增加其总车队。虽然努力已经开始探索来自电力电厂和石油生产设施等大型固定源的二氧化碳排放的控制技术，涉及在海洋和地质形成中搬迁和长期储存，目前正在开展控制技术的研究对于移动来源，这可能会使这些来源的排放减少近100％。车辆中可用的有限空间和可能需要频繁补充用于捕获二氧化碳的吸附剂是严重的限制以及这种控制技术的可能成本，这项工作描述了一种确定的可行性研究，以确定车载控制系统是否可以开发用于移动来源。评估涉及分子筛，碳酸钠和碳酸钾和链烷醇胺的湿和干燥洗涤技术。

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