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A model of ion noise in microwave tubes

机译：微波管中离子噪声的模型

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Summary form only given. A hybrid model has been developed inwhich the electron beam is treated as a 2D fluid using the beam envelopeequation, and the ions generated by beam ionization are treated asdiscrete particles in 1D. The effect of secondary electrons is neglectedin the present analysis. The ionization rate depends on the ambient gaspressure and species as well as on the electron beam current and energy.Based on this rate, ions are created and distributed on an axial grid oneach time step. The ion charge is then mapped onto the grid, andPoisson's equation is then solved in 1D under the assumption that thetransverse scale lengths are less than the betatron wavelength of theelectron beam. The ion charge distribution is then used to integrate thebeam envelope equation that updates the beam equilibrium. The ion motionis then integrated subject to the wall potential, the space-chargepotential of the electron beam, and the self-consistent ion potential.This process is iterated over any desired pulse time. The couplingbetween the ionization and the electron beam equilibrium introduceoscillations on many time scales. The fastest time scale oscillation isrelated to the bounce motion of ions in the axial potential wells formedby the scalloping of the electron beam. Slower oscillations are observedto correlate with the well-to-well interactions induced by the ioncoupling to the electron equilibrium. These oscillations have observableeffects on ion dumping to the cathode or collector. A specific examplerelating to ion noise in a coupled-cavity TWT is discussed
机译：仅提供摘要表格。混合模型已经在 使用电子束包络将电子束视为2D流体 方程，并且通过束电离产生的离子被视为 一维离散粒子。二次电子的作用被忽略 在目前的分析中。电离率取决于环境气体 压力和种类以及电子束上的电流和能量。 基于该速率，离子被创建并分布在轴向网格上。 每个时间步。然后将离子电荷映射到网格上，并 然后在以下条件下以一维解泊松方程 横向尺度长度小于 电子束。然后将离子电荷分布用于积分 束包络方程，更新束平衡。离子运动 然后根据壁电势进行积分，即空间电荷 电子束的电势和自洽离子电势。 该过程在任何所需的脉冲时间内重复进行。联轴器 在电离和电子束平衡之间引入 在许多时间尺度上的振荡。最快的时标振荡是 与离子在轴向势阱中的反弹运动有关 通过电子束的扇贝形。观察到振荡变慢 与离子诱导的井间相互作用相关 耦合到电子平衡。这些振荡可以观察到 对离子倾倒到阴极或集电极的影响。一个具体的例子 讨论了与耦合腔TWT中的离子噪声有关的问题

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