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LESSONS FOR THE FUTURE: THE NEAR MISSION IN NASA'S DISCOVERY PROGRAM

机译：未来的经验教训：美国宇航局发现计划的近期任务

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摘要

The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) was designed to demonstrate the feasibility of performing a planetary mission in less than 36 months at a cost equal to or below $150M, while permitting moderate risk in a focused scientific mission. The spacecraft was launched on February 17,1996 to a rendezvous with the asteroid Eros in early 1999. These requirements were met or exceeded by the NEAR mission: it included a full complement of scientific instruments, previously scoped for a Mars Observer-class spacecraft; involved a large segment of the planetary science community; proved that a high level of system redundancy can be included in a fast-paced program; showed that a design-to-cost approach can be successful in meeting a cost goal; and demonstrated that new technologies can be included in a cost-capped program. These processes and the new technologies incorporated in NEAR have now led to a new design of an Integrated Electronics Module (IEM) spacecraft concept that drastically reduces spacecraft volume, weight, power, and cost, while increasing capability, ease of construction, integration and test, and simplifying future mission operations. These innovations argue well for the implementation of more ambitious science missions in the next century with improved capability in a severely constrained cost environment.
机译：近地小行星交会（NEAR）旨在证明在不到36个月的时间内执行等于或低于1.5亿美元的成本的行星飞行任务的可行性，同时在进行有针对性的科学飞行任务时允许适度的风险。该航天器于1996年2月17日发射升空，并于1999年初与小行星爱神星（Eros）会合。涉及了很大一部分的行星科学界;事实证明，快节奏的程序中可以包含高级别的系统冗余;表明从设计到成本的方法可以成功地实现成本目标;并证明了新技术可以包含在成本上限计划中。这些过程和NEAR中包含的新技术现在导致了集成电子模块（IEM）航天器概念的新设计，该概念将大大减少航天器的体积，重量，功率和成本，同时提高能力，易于建造，集成和测试，并简化以后的任务操作。这些创新为在下一个世纪实施更加雄心勃勃的科学使命提供了很好的证明，并在严重受限的成本环境中提高了能力。

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