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首页> 外文会议>International cartographic conference;ICC 2001 >MINISTERS OF YOUXUAN AND THE SURVEYING AND MAPPING IN ZHOU AND QING DYNASTIES
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MINISTERS OF YOUXUAN AND THE SURVEYING AND MAPPING IN ZHOU AND QING DYNASTIES

机译：游玄的臣民与周秦的测绘。

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It is well known that China is an ancient civilized country with long history, so is its surveying technique. A number of records about surveying and mapping were found in archaeological studies. However, how the surveying and mapping were performed during Zhou and Qing Dynasties (841B. C - 206 B.C.) is still a problem. "Ding Nan"(a carriage for orientation determination) and "Ji Li Gu" (a drum to measure mileage) were invented in ancient China. In , Dr. Joseph Needham, a British scholar, pointed out that "Ding Nan" and "Ji Li Gu" obviously were of great value in mapping. Unfortunately, the records showing relation between them and surveying cannot be found. After years' studies in history of surveying and detailed analysis of precious historical documents, the author concluded that Ministers of Youxuan was the special ministers who mastered surveying and mapping knowledge. They were sent by central government in every August of slack season of lunar calendar in Qing Dynasty, to make a survey of various places using "Ding Nan" and "Ji Li Gu". They measured the azimuth, recorded placenames and distances, and then drew on a geographic sketch. After coming back the capital, they arranged the documents and plotted maps. These materials were prepared for the emperor to control the information of boundaries, population, taxes and fortresses etc. The precious historical records of Ministers of Youxuan are the best answer to the conjectures made by Dr. Joseph Needham.
机译：众所周知，中国是一个历史悠久的文明古国，其测量技术也是如此。在考古研究中发现了许多有关测量和制图的记录。然而，如何在周清时期（841B.C-206 B.C.）进行勘测和制图仍然是一个问题。 “ Ding Nan”（用于确定方向的车厢）和“ Ji Li Gu”（用于测量里程的鼓）是中国古代发明的。英国学者约瑟夫·李约瑟夫博士在《中国的科学与文明》中指出，“定南”和“吉里古”显然在制图上具有重要价值。不幸的是，找不到显示它们与测量之间的关系的记录。经过对测绘历史的多年研究和对珍贵历史文献的详细分析，作者得出结论认为，尤宣大臣是掌握测绘知识的特别大臣。在清代每年的淡季，中央政府派他们来，用“定南”和“吉里谷”对各地进行调查。他们测量了方位角，记录了地名和距离，然后绘制了地理草图。回到首都后，他们整理了文件并绘制了地图。这些材料是为皇帝控制边界，人口，税收和要塞等信息而准备的。尤宣大臣的宝贵历史记录是对约瑟夫·李约瑟博士所作猜想的最佳答案。

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