In Experiment 1, 29 participants performed a simulated driving task both alone and while talkmg with another participant. Half of the non-driving participants could see the driving scene (in- person communication group) and half could not (remote communication group). When participants performed the driving task while talking with a partner, their situation awareness was significantly less than when they performed only the dnving task. Thus, concurrent verbal interactions degraded situation awareness for the driving task. However, the amount of degradation in situation awareness during in-person and remote interactions did not differ significantly. The pace of the in-person and remote verbal interactions differed, suggesting that remote verbal interactions may be more difficult for drivers. Also, dnvers talking with remote partners generated more long pauses than drivers talking with in-person partners, suggesting that drivers engaged in remote verbal interactions were modulating their verbalizations in order to maintain adequate driving performance. Experiment 2 replicated the finding that both in-person and remote verbal interactions degraded driving situation awareness, with no significant difference in the amount of degradation for the two types of verbal interaction.
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