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LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE OF 60 MW OF INSTALLED SYSTEMS IN THE US, EUROPE, AND ASIA

机译：美国，欧洲和亚洲的60兆瓦已安装系统的长期性能

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摘要

This paper presents a characterization of the performance of 60 MW of PV systems operating in theUSA, Europe and Asia. The analysis shows that average system performance ratios have increased steadily over theyears, with systems installed after 2004 exhibiting higher performance ratios than systems installed prior to 2004,and suggests that typical performance ratios for contemporary systems can be expected in the range of 75-85%. Theanalysis identifies three major drivers of system performance that are under control of the system integrator andoperator, including module ratings, availability and soiling, and discusses the importance of each. Finally, the paperpresents several specific examples of systems and their performance, including a 10 MW utility-scale plant inGermany, a 1 MW roof-top plant in California, and a 9-year-old 100 kW plant in Hawaii. DC string measurements atthe Hawaii hotel over 8 years suggest DC system degradation rates are very small – on the order of 0.2% per year orless. The results presented in this paper suggest reasonable values for loss assumptions in yield estimates forcontemporary grid-connected systems based on the measured results of a large, diverse fleet of PV systems. Theanalysis demonstrates the value of measurement (monitoring), verificaion and evaluation of system performance bothto improve the accuracy of system yield predictions and to improve the overall quality and performance of fieldedsystems.
机译：本文介绍了60兆瓦光伏系统的性能表征。 美国，欧洲和亚洲。分析表明，平均系统性能比在整个过程中稳步提高。 年，2004年之后安装的系统比2004年之前安装的系统具有更高的性能比， 并建议现代系统的典型性能比可以预期在75-85％的范围内。这 分析确定了由系统集成商控制的三个主要的系统性能驱动因素。 操作员，包括模块额定值，可用性和弄脏，并讨论了每个模块的重要性。最后，论文 展示了系统及其性能的几个特定示例，其中包括位于美国的10 MW公用事业规模的电厂 德国，加利福尼亚的1 MW屋顶工厂和夏威夷的9年历史的100 kW工厂。直流串的测量 夏威夷酒店超过8年的经验表明，直流系统的退化率非常小-每年约0.2％，或者 较少的。本文提出的结果为收益估算中的损失假设提出了合理的值 现代光伏并网系统是基于大量不同种类的光伏系统的测量结果得出的。这 分析证明了测量（监控），验证和评估系统性能的价值 以提高系统产量预测的准确性，并提高实地的整体质量和性能 系统。

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