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PHYSICAL MODELING OF SUPPORTED EXCAVATIONS

机译：支护开挖的物理建模

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摘要

As a result of the complexities associated with analyzing and evaluating supported excavations, numerical modeling techniques are often employed. Often, there is a great deal of uncertainty associated with the validity of the assumptions and approaches made regarding numerical modeling. Physical models can be used to evaluate complex geotechnical systems whose performances are highly dependent on construction techniques, nonlinear soil-structure interactions, and variable geometries. Physical model tests can be used as alternatives to numerical models or as supplements. Data from physical model tests is often used to verify the validity of the various assumptions and approaches of the numerical models. The data can also be used to calibrate numerical models to the anticipated loading conditions. This paper presents an evaluation of several efforts that utilized physical modeling to investigate the behavior of excavation support systems and the associated ground deformations. Model test results are compared to the state-of-the-practice ground deformation prediction methodologies and to field observations. The information presented herein shows that scale model test data can be reliably extrapolated to equivalent prototype data. Thus, small scale laboratory tests at normal gravity, centrifuge tests, and small scale field tests can all used to evaluate excavation support system behavior and soil response associated with deep excavations. These findings are particularly important in that often full-scale field test cannot be performed.
机译：由于与分析和评估支持的挖掘相关的复杂性，经常采用数值建模技术。通常，关于数值建模的假设和方法的有效性存在很多不确定性。物理模型可以用于评估复杂的岩土系统，其性能高度依赖于施工技术，非线性的土-结构相互作用和可变的几何形状。物理模型测试可以用作数值模型的替代或补充。来自物理模型测试的数据通常用于验证数值模型的各种假设和方法的有效性。数据还可以用于将数值模型校准到预期的加载条件。本文对利用物理模型研究挖掘支撑系统的行为以及相关的地面变形的一些工作进行了评估。将模型测试结果与实践中的地面变形预测方法和现场观测结果进行了比较。本文提供的信息表明，比例模型测试数据可以可靠地外推到等效的原型数据。因此，在正常重力下的小型实验室测试，离心测试和小型现场测试都可以用来评估与深基坑相关的基坑支护系统性能和土壤响应。这些发现特别重要，因为通常无法进行全面的现场测试。

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