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GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN OF TEMPORARY SHELTERS AFTER EARTHQUAKES BASED ON COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

机译：基于社区参与的地震后临时避难所设计指南

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Of the three kinds of shelters required after the occurrence of a destructive earthquake in a populated area, namely emergency shelters, temporary shelters, and permanent shelters, architectural design of the 2nd group is problematic. In fact, temporary shelters do not need to follow the permanent housing standards on the one hand, since they are not permanent and should be demolished after a year or so, but on the other hand, they should provide the residents with some minimum living standards requirements, of which some are exactly same as the permanent housing. Therefore, architectural design of temporary shelters needs special attention.In this paper some guidelines are proposed for design of temporary shelters form architectural, and to some extent, urban design points of view. The type of spatial setting (linear, central, and hybrid) of shelters, the situation of neighboring textures (regarding the orientation and form considerations), and access ways are among the issues which are discussed. Other issues which are taken into consideration are: type of materials,internal setting of spaces by consideration of behavioral patterns of the stricken community, the location of open areas, and the users expectations. Two major issues in the proposed guidelines are firstly, the community participation, by which some ownership feeling can be created in the stricken people, and secondly, the possibility of changing the temporary shelter to the permanent housing or working space by some simple changes. This last issue needs creative and innovative architectural and structural designs which are also discussed to some extent.
机译：在人口稠密地区发生破坏性地震后需要使用的三种避难所，即紧急避难所，临时避难所和永久避难所，第二组的建筑设计存在问题。实际上，临时避难所一方面不需要遵循永久性住房标准，因为它们不是永久性的，应在一年左右后拆除，但另一方面，它们应为居民提供一些最低生活标准。要求，其中一些与永久性房屋完全相同。因此，临时避难所的建筑设计需要特别注意。本文针对建筑临时避​​难所的设计提出了一些指导方针，并在一定程度上提出了城市设计的观点。避难所的空间设置类型（线性，中心和混合），相邻纹理的状况（关于方向和形状考虑因素）以及通道方式都是讨论的问题。其他需要考虑的问题包括：材料的类型，内部空间的设置（考虑到灾区的行为模式，开放区域的位置以及用户的期望）。拟议准则中的两个主要问题是，第一，社区参与，可以在受灾的人们中产生一些主人翁感;第二，可以通过一些简单的改变将临时住所改为永久性住房或工作空间。最后一期需要创造性和创新性的建筑和结构设计，并在一定程度上进行了讨论。

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