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Analyzing the Effects of Wind and Stratification on Surface Currents in a Large Lake

机译：浅析风和分层对大型湖面表面电流的影响

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摘要

Surface currents in large lakes are important for water quality and ecosystem processes since they drive nutrient transport. In this study, the individual effects of wind and stratification on surface currents are analyzed in a large lake, Lake Ontario. A state-of-the-art numerical model is applied to explore effects of a common wind scenario (6 m/s eastward) and stratification on surface currents, and their interactions with tributary plumes. For a non-stratified lake, eastward wind accelerates the surface velocities by maximum 23.5 cm/s in nearshore areas, while its effects on current direction are not obvious in the nearshore areas. In mid-lake regions, wind could change the current directions by about 100 degrees counter-clockwise. This eastward wind accelerates the propagation of the Niagara River plume, but decreases its width and bulge area at the river mouth. Lake stratification increases surface velocities in offshore regions and decreases velocities in nearshore regions. The changes of surface current direction by stratification are within 68 degrees in most areas. Tributary plumes are strongly affected by surface currents and the unusual westward Niagara River plume observations could be explained by currents caused by unusual westward wind conditions. Predicting changes in surface currents caused by wind and stratification is important for understanding nutrient dynamics and shedding light on ecological problems such as algal bloom occurrences.
机译：由于它们驱动营养运输，大湖泊的表面电流对于水质和生态系统过程非常重要。在这项研究中，在安大略湖的大湖中分析了风和分层对表面电流的个性效果。应用最先进的数值模型来探索共同的风情景（东向东）和分层对表面电流的影响，以及它们与支流羽毛的相互作用。对于一个非分层的湖泊，东风在近岸地区将表面速度加速了最大23.5厘米/秒，而其对当前方向的影响在近岸地区并不明显。在中湖区，风可以逆时针逆时针改变电流方向约100度。这次东风加速了尼亚加拉河羽流的传播，但在河口的宽度和凸起区域减少。湖分层增加了海上地区的表面速度，并降低了近岸地区的速度。在大多数区域的68度中，表面电流方向的变化在68度内。支线受到表面电流的强烈影响，并且不寻常的西部尼亚加拉河羽流观测可以通过不寻常的向西风条件引起的电流来解释。预测风和分层引起的表面电流的变化对于了解养分动力学和脱落光对藻类盛开的生态问题来说是重要的。

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