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Design Versus Scheduling in Micro-irrigation Systems for Water-saving and Environmental Protection

机译：节水环保微灌系统设计与调度

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Micro-irrigation can provide an irrigation water application with high uniformity. However, the uniformity alone will not be sufficient to achieve the goal of irrigation. The irrigation schedule is equally important in micro-irrigation practice. The efficient water use by micro-irrigation can be evaluated by the total return. An optimal irrigation schedule was determined through an economic analysis using the cost of water, price of yield, uniformity of the micro-irrigation system, crop response to water application and environmental concerns of pollution and contamination. Several irrigation schedules were compared with the optimal one. The optimal irrigation schedule can achieve optimal return and also provide water saving compared with the conventional irrigation schedule in which the whole field is fully irrigated. Deep seepage can be eliminated or minimized by scheduling deficit irrigation. The environmental protection irrigation schedule can save more water but will cause some total return reduction compared with optimal irrigation schedule. When there is an environmental concern in polluting nearby stream or underlying ground water, the environmental protection schedule will prevent the possibility of pollution. The simple irrigation schedule can even save more water compared with optimal solution, but will cause some total return reduction depending on the cost of water and cost remediation of environmental pollution. The simple irrigation schedule can achieve high application efficiency, more than 95% , and cause only a small deficit , less than 5% , when the system is designed for coefficient of variation less than 10%. This shows the significance of designing a high uniformity micro-irrigation system and the determination of correct adjustment for evapotranspiration. When a high uniform irrigation system is designed and used the difference among the specified irrigation schedules will be reduced. It is very simple to design a micro-irrigation system for coefficient of variation equal to or less than 10%. It can be done by selecting the emitters with a manufacturer s coefficient of variation less than 5% and a coefficient of hydraulic variation of 8. 5%. In this case the coefficient of variation will be about 10%.
机译：微灌溉可以提供高均匀性的灌溉用水。然而，仅达到灌溉目标的均匀性就不足。灌溉计划在微灌溉实践中同样重要。微灌溉的有效用水可以通过总回报来评估。利用水的成本，产量，微灌溉系统的价格，农作物对水应用和污染的环境问题，通过经济分析确定了最佳灌溉计划。将几个灌溉时间表与最佳灌溉时间表进行了比较。最佳灌溉时间表可以实现最佳回报，并且还可以节省水节水与整个领域完全灌溉的传统灌溉时间表。通过调度缺陷灌溉，可以消除或最小化深渗漏。环境保护灌溉情况可以节省更多的水，但与最佳灌溉计划相比，将导致一些总回报减少。当在附近的溪流或底层地下水污染环境问题时，环境保护时间表将阻止污染的可能性。与最佳解决方案相比，简单的灌溉安排甚至可以节省更多的水，但会根据水的成本和环境污染的成本修复，造成一些总回报。简单的灌溉时间表可以实现高应用效率，超过95％，并且当系统设计用于小于10％的变异系数时，少于少于5％的小赤字。这表明了设计高均匀性微灌系统的重要性和确定蒸散蒸腾的正确调节。当设计高均匀的灌溉系统并使用指定的灌溉计划之间的差异将减少。设计微灌系统，用于等于或小于10％的变异系数。可以通过选择具有小于5％的制造商S系数的发射器和8.5％的液压变化系数来完成。在这种情况下，变异系数为约10％。

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