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Current Status of Citrus Canker Eradication Program in Sao Paulo State, Brazil

机译：巴西圣保罗州柑橘类坎克根除计划的现状

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Citrus canker was first reported in Brazil in 1957, in Presidente Prudente County, Sao Paulo State. Since then an eradication program was started and quarantines were established. After the introduction of citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella, Stainton) in 1996, a higher number of citrus canker foci were observed and, therefore, the eradication methodology was changed in 1999 by a State law. In Sao Paulo State, the Citrus Canker Eradication Program (CCEP) is a joint effort between the Federal and State Governments and the citrus growers. To find contaminated groves in the State, Fundecitrus makes an annual survey of all trees within 10% of the commercial blocks (with more than 199 citrus trees). Based on the distribution of contaminated groves of the State, the CCEP determines the inspection actions in each citrus production area. According to disease incidence, all citrus blocks of some counties are inspected more than once a year. Inspection made by citrus growers is another way to find diseased citrus trees in commercial blocks. Inspections by Fundecitrus are done also in citrus nurseries and urban areas. Contaminated citrus blocks are simultaneously observed by three teams of inspectors. When more than 0.5% of trees were infected, all trees in the block, infected and non infected, are removed. If ≤ 0.5% of infected trees is detected, the infected trees and the non symptomatic trees, within 30 meters of radius, are removed. Quarantine restrictions are imposed and replanting in the treated area is prohibited for two years following eradication. Inspections are repeated periodically in the eradicated area during the quarantine period. From January 1999 to June 2008 a total of 4 286 413 citrus trees were removed from commercial blocks, 2 112 556 from citrus nurseries, and 1 160435 from non-commercial blocks. January through June 2008, 89 113 commercial trees and 45 116 non-commercial trees were removed in an effort to eradicate the disease. No diseased citrus nurseries were found in 2008 (January to June). After 1999, the CCEP has maintained the incidence of diseased commercial citrus blocks between 0. 08% and 0. 27% (0. 17% in 2008). The conditions and number of inspections (number of inspected trees) are the most important factors that affect the efficacy of citrus canker eradication in the State.
机译：柑橘犬首次于1957年在巴西报道，位于圣保罗州的总统Prudente县。从那时起，就开始了一个根除程序，并建立了隔离区。在1996年引入柑橘叶（Phyllocnistis Citrella，Stakeon）后，观察到柑橘类溃疡数量较多，因此，1999年通过国家法律改变了根除方法。在圣保罗州，柑橘类坎克根除计划（CCEP）是联邦和州政府和柑橘种植者之间的共同努力。为了在该州找到受污染的树林，Fundecitrus对所有树木的10％以内的所有树木进行了一年度调查（超过199棵柑橘树）。基于国家污染树林的分布，CCEP决定了每种柑橘生产区的检测措施。根据疾病的发病率，所有县的所有柑橘块都在每年观察一次。柑橘种植者的检查是另一种在商业块中找到患病的柑橘树的方法。 Fundecitrus的检查也在柑橘苗圃和城市地区进行。污染的柑橘块由三支检查员的三支团队同时观察。当感染超过0.5％的树木时，嵌段中的所有树木，感染和未感染，都被除去。如果检测到≤0.5％的感染树，则被移除在30米范围内的受感染的树木和非症状树。在根除后，禁止在处理区域中施加检疫限制并在处理区域中重新抑制。检疫期间，检查在根除区域中定期重复。从1999年1月到2008年6月，总共4 286个413柑橘树从商业块中取出，211256来自柑橘苗圃，1 160435来自非商业区块。 1月至2008年6月，89个113商业树木和45个116个非商业树木被删除，以消除这种疾病。 2008年（1月至6月）发现了患病柑橘苗圃。 1999年后，CCEP将患病的商业柑橘块的发病率保持在0.08％和0.27％（2008年）。检查的条件和检查数（被检查的树木数量）是影响柑橘类溃疡在国家中的疗效的最重要因素。

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