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Socio-Environmental Impacts of Land Cover Change in the Panama Canal Watershed

机译：巴拿马运河流域土地覆盖变化的社会环境影响

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The relevance of our project outlines a strategy to enhance the understanding of tropical forest deforestation and landuse change in the Panama Canal Watershed and its impact on the environment. The Panama Canal is a globaltransportation hub and provides a great global economic benefit. The Panama Canal Watershed contains a richsource of biodiversity and is faced with environmental hazards such as unplanned deforestation and urbanization.Working with certain organizations in Panama City, Panama such as Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI)and NASA's Mesoamerican Regional Visualization and Monitoring System (SERVIR) we are able to collect largeamounts of data relevant to monitoring ecological change and hydrology. In 2010, our group has digitized over ninehundred aerial photographs covering a time period from 1948 to 1983 and collected sets of satellite imagery rangingfrom 1979 to 2010 in the Panama Canal Watershed. Interpreting images of the Panama Canal watershed over thisexpanse time provides invaluable information for an investigation into the spread or recession of urban development;land covers dynamics, ecosystem variability, invasive species monitoring, and water level changes. Our project askstwo principal research questions (1) how do different landscapes and climate change scenarios influence water flowinto the watershed (2) how to geospatially identify the invasive grass species Saccharum Spontaneum in satelliteimagery. Sections of the watershed are undergoing rapid alterations in land use. We believe that these variations havealso led to changes in local climatic trends and water flow into the watershed. Each image is classified, based on landcover, as forested, deforested, urban, etc. After this, precipitation and geospatial data will be gathered for land covermodelling. Once all of the data is compiled, comparisons will be made on increasing or decreasing rates ofprecipitation, changes in land cover and how this affects water flow into the watershed. The watershed has alsoexperienced an invasion of a grass species known as Saccharum Spontaneum, which decreases the local biodiversity,by taking over deforested lands and agricultural fields. Analysis of processed satellite data will show the actualextent of the invasion and ultimately lead to the ability to generate land cover maps focusing on SaccharumSpontaneum. The investigation of the invasive grass species, research into climate trends, and changes in land coverwith the aid of remote sensing, all enable users to maintain an environmentally manageable watershed to maintainthe economic benefits provided by the Panama Canal.
机译：我们项目的相关性概述了增强对热带森林砍伐和土地的理解的战略 巴拿马运河流域的水利用变化及其对环境的影响。巴拿马运河是全球性的 交通枢纽，并提供巨大的全球经济利益。巴拿马运河分水岭包含丰富的 生物多样性的来源，并面临环境危害，例如计划外的森林砍伐和城市化。 与巴拿马巴拿马城的某些组织合作，例如史密森尼热带研究所（STRI） 以及NASA的中美洲区域可视化和监视系统（SERVIR），我们能够收集大量 与监测生态变化和水文学有关的大量数据。在2010年，我们团队的数字化超过了9个 涵盖1948年至1983年期间的数百张航空照片，并收集了一系列卫星图像 1979年至2010年在巴拿马运河流域。解释巴拿马运河分水岭的图像 漫长的时间为调查城市发展的扩散或衰退提供了宝贵的信息; 土地覆盖动态，生态系统可变性，入侵物种监测和水位变化。我们的项目问 两个主要的研究问题（1）不同的景观和气候变化情景如何影响水流量 进入分水岭（2）如何在空间上识别卫星中入侵的草种Saccharum Spontaneum 图像。流域的各个部分的土地利用正在发生快速变化。我们认为，这些变化 还导致当地气候趋势发生变化，水流入分水岭。每个图像都根据土地进行分类 覆盖范围，例如森林，森林砍伐，城市等。此后，将收集降水和地理空间数据以进行土地覆盖 造型。收集完所有数据后，将对增加或减少比率进行比较。 降雨，土地覆盖的变化以及这如何影响流入分水岭的水量。分水岭也 遭受了一种名为Saccharum Spontaneum的草种的入侵，这降低了当地的生物多样性， 通过接管被砍伐的土地和农田。分析处理后的卫星数据将显示实际 入侵的程度，最终导致产生以蔗糖为重点的土地覆盖图的能力 自发性。入侵草种的调查，气候趋势的研究以及土地覆盖的变化 借助遥感，所有这些功能都使用户能够维护一个环境可管理的分水岭，以进行维护 巴拿马运河提供的经济利益。

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