A numerical study has been conducted for accurate prediction of temperature in the toner layer including moisture phase change in porous media (paper). The moisture contents, in previous study, have been found experimentally to influence the heat transfer behavior significantly in the fusing process. Heat and mass transfer equations were incorporated into fusing processes analysis to consider the energy loss due to the evaporation of moisture in the paper. The effects of moisture content, dwell-time, fusing temperature, paper grammage, and heating energy from heater on fusing behaviors were numerically investigated by using the present numerical model.
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